Some existence results for the scalar curvature problem via Morse theory
Oscillation, zeros of solutions, mean value theorems, etc. in context of PDEs (35B05) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Relations of PDEs with special manifold structures (Riemannian, Finsler, etc.) (58J60)
The author states two existence theorems of positive solutions for the equation on the \(n\)-sphere \(S^n\), arising in the prescribed scalar curvature problem. Using the stereographic projection, the problem reduces to find positive solutions \(u\) for the equation \[ -4\;\frac{n-1}{n-2}\Delta u=(1+\varepsilon K(x))u^{\frac{n+2}{n-2}}\text{ on }\mathbb{R}^n, \] where \(\Delta\) is the Laplace-Beltrami operator on \(\mathbb{R}^n\), and \(\varepsilon\) is a small parameter. The proofs rely on an abstract perturbation result developed by \textit{A. Ambrosetti} and \textit{M. Badiale} [Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Analyse Non Linéaire 15, 233-252 (1998; Zbl 1004.37043); announcement in C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 323, 753-758 (1996; Zbl 0887.34042)], which leads to study a reduced, finite dimensional functional \(\Gamma\). The author shows that Morse theory under general boundary conditions [see \textit{K. C. Chang}, Infinite dimensional Morse theory and multiple solution problems, Birkhäuser, Boston (1993; Zbl 0779.58005)] applies to \(\Gamma\), and allows him to obtain the announced results. When \(n=2\), one of the author's results can be viewed as a partial extension of a result of \textit{S.-Y. A. Chang} and \textit{P. C. Yang} [J. Differ. Geom. 27, 259-296 (1988; Zbl 0649.53022)]; see also \textit{R. Schoen} and \textit{D. Zhang} [Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 4, 1-25 (1996; Zbl 0843.53037)] for \(n=3\).
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