On orthogonal invariants in characteristic 2

DOI10.1016/S0021-8693(03)00513-1MaRDI QIDQ1883013zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Matyas Domokos, Péter E. Frenkel

Publication date 1 October 2004

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0303106

zbMATH Keywords

invariant theoryinvariants of a system of vectorsmultilinear polynomial invariantsorthogonal groupquadratic formquadratic invariantsrational invariants

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72) Trace rings and invariant theory (associative rings and algebras) (16R30)

Abstract: Working over an algebraically closed base field $k$ of characteristic 2, the ring of invariants $R^G$ is studied, where $G$ is the orthogonal group O(n) or the special orthogonal group SO(n), acting naturally on the coordinate ring $R$ of the $m$-fold direct sum $k^{n}oplus\mathrm{...}oplus{k}^n$ of the standard vector representation. It is proved for O(2), $O(3)=SO(3)$, SO(4), and O(4), that there exists an $m$-linear invariant with $m$ arbitrarily large, which is not expressible as a polynomial of invariants of lower degree. This is in sharp contrast with the uniform description of the ring of invariants valid in all other characteristics, and supports the conjecture that the same phenomena occur for all $n$. For general even $n$, new O(n)-invariants are constructed, which are not expressible as polynomials of the quadratic invariants. In contrast with these results, it is shown that rational invariants have a uniform description valid in all characteristics. Similarly, if $mleqn$, then $R^O(n)$ is generated by the obvious invariants. For all $n$, the algebra $R^G$ is a finitely generated module over the subalgebra generated by the quadratic invariants, and for odd $n$, the square of any SO(n)-invariant is a polynomial of the quadratic invariants. Finally we mention that for even $n$, an $n$-linear SO(n)-invariant is given, which distinguishes between SO(n) and O(n) (just like the determinant in all characteristics different from 2).

Review text

As a byproduct of their study of invariant theory of matrices in positive characteristic, \textit{M. Domokos, S. G. Kuzmin, A. N. Zubkov} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 176, No. 1, 61--80 (2002; Zbl 1024.16014)] discovered an interesting consequence for invariant theory of the special orthogonal group. Roughly speaking, the invariants in characteristic \(p>2\) behave as in characteristic 0 and the situation changes drastically in characteristic 2. In the paper under review the authors concentrate their efforts on invariant theory of the orthogonal group \(O(n)\) and the special orthogonal group \(SO(n)\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of characteristic 2, with the natural action of \(O(n)\) and \(SO(n)\) on the \(m\)-fold direct sum \(k^n\oplus\cdots\oplus k^n\) of the standard \(n\)-dimensional vector representation. (The subgroup \(SO(n)\) of \(O(n)\) coincides with \(O(n)\) for \(n\) odd and is of index 2 for \(n\) even.) The authors describe explicitly the algebras of \(O(n)\)- and \(SO(n)\)-invariants for \(n\leq 3\). They establish that for \(n\leq 4\) and \(m\) going to infinity, there exist invariants of arbitrary high degree (depending on \(m\)) which cannot be expressed in terms of invariants of lower degree. This supports the conjecture that the same phenomena occur for all \(n\). As another confirmation for this conjecture, the authors construct for any even \(n\) new \(O(n)\)-invariants which are not expressible as polynomials of quadratic invariants. In contrast with these results, the authors show that the rational invariants behave in the same way in all characteristics. Similarly, for small \(m\) (\(\leq n\)), the algebra of \(O(n)\)-invariants is generated by the quadratic invariants. For all \(n\) the algebra of \(O(n)\)- and \(SO(n)\)-invariants is a finitely generated module over the subalgebra generated by the quadratic invariants. In particular, for odd \(n\) the square of any \(SO(n)\)-invariant belongs to this subalgebra. The authors also give an \(n\)-linear \(SO(n)\)-invariant which distinguishes between \(SO(n)\) and \(O(n)\).

Recommendations

• Mod 2 indecomposable orthogonal invariants
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Cited in

(20)

• Polynomial functions of the odd orthogonal group
• Separable extensions of orthogonal involutions in characteristic two
• Mod 2 indecomposable orthogonal invariants
• Vector invariants for two-dimensional orthogonal groups over finite fields
• Characteristic free description of semi-invariants of \(2 \times 2\) matrices
• Characterization of orthomaps on the Cayley plane
• Orthogonal Pfister involutions in characteristic two
• Centers of generic algebras with involution.
• Invariants of the dihedral group D_2p in characteristic two
• On orthogonal and special orthogonal invariants of a single matrix of small order
• Tensor invariants for certain subgroups of the orthogonal group
• A Geometric Characterization of the Special Orthogonal Groups and the Dickson Invariant
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1284222 (Why is no real title available?)
• INVARIANT RINGS OF ORTHOGONAL GROUPS OVER ${\mathbb F}_2$
• An arrangement in orthogonal geometry over finite field of Char=2
• Indecomposable orthogonal invariants of several matrices over a field of positive characteristic
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• Invariants of G₂ and Spin(7) in positive characteristic
• Standard monomial bases, moduli spaces of vector bundles, and invariant theory
• A basic relation between invariants of matrices under the action of the special orthogonal group.

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