Periodic solutions of complex-valued differential equations and systems with periodic coefficients

complex-valued systems of ordinary differential equations Krasnosel'skij's method of guiding functions nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau and Schrödinger partial differential equations periodic problem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B15) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M99) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)

Review text

The paper presents results on the existence of solutions of the periodic problem for some complex-valued systems of ordinary differential equations. At first the system \[ a_i (t) z_i' = |z_i |^q \overline z_i^p + h_i (t,z) \quad (1 \leq i \leq n) \tag{1} \] is considered, where each \(a_i : [0,2 \pi] \to C \backslash \{0\}\) is of \(C^1\)-class and \(2 \pi\)-periodic, \(h_i\) continuous, and \(z = (z_1, \dots, z_n)\). Theorem 1 asserts that if \[ \bigl |h_i (t,z) \bigr |\leq \sum^n_{j = 1} \alpha_{ij} |z_j |^{p + q} + \gamma_i \] where \(i = 1, \dots, n\), \(\alpha_{ij}\) and \(\gamma_i\) are some nonnegative numbers, \(\alpha_{ij}\) are sufficiently small, and \(p + q > 1\) then the periodic problem (2) \(z(0) = z(2 \pi)\) associated to (1) has at least one solution. The proof of this result is based on a variant of Mawhin's theorem on solutions of the coincidence equation. The paper also presents results on the system \[ a_i (t) z_i' = |z_i |^q z_i + h_i (t,z) \quad (1 \leq i \leq n). \tag{3} \] It is assumed that all \(a_i : [0,1 \pi] \to C\) and \(h_i\) are continuous, and the real parts \(\text{Re} a_i\) do not vanish. Using an argument based on the Krasnosel'skij's method of guiding functions it is proved that the problem (2) associated to the system (3) has a solution provided all \(\text{Re} a_i\) have the same sign and some estimates on \(h_i\) hold (Theorem 2). Theorem 3 asserts that the same conclusion holds if \(a_i\) are of \(C^1\)-class, but with possible different signs of \(\text{Re} a_i\) and slightly weaker estimates on the maps \(h_i\). The latter result is proved by a similar argument to the one in the proof of Theorem 1. Several corollaries for the above theorems are presented. Also, some remarks on their relations to nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau and Schrödinger partial differential equations are given.

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