The quadratic Graver cone, quadratic integer minimization, and extensions

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Abstract: We consider the nonlinear integer programming problem of minimizing a quadratic function over the integer points in variable dimension satisfying a system of linear inequalities. We show that when the Graver basis of the matrix defining the system is given, and the quadratic function lies in a suitable {em dual Graver cone}, the problem can be solved in polynomial time. We discuss the relation between this cone and the cone of positive semidefinite matrices, and show that none contains the other. So we can minimize in polynomial time some non-convex and some (including all separable) convex quadrics. We conclude by extending our results to efficient integer minimization of multivariate polynomial functions of arbitrary degree lying in suitable cones.


The paper addresses quadratic integer programming problems. The authors first observe that it is NP-hard to determine the optimal value of a quadratic integer programme \[ \min \{x^TVx + w^Tx + a: x \in \mathbb{Z}^n, ~Ax =b,~ l \leq x \leq u\} \] even if the Graver basis of \(A\) is given and even if the objective function is convex and \(V= vv^T\). They use this as a motivtaion to study special cases of quadratic functions for which this problem can be solved in polynomial time. Their main results show that this is the case for matrices \(V\) lying in the dual quadratic Graver cone (defined in the paper). As a special case, the result also holds for separable quadratic programming with the objective \(\sum_{i=1}^n (v_ix_i^2 + w_ix_i +a_i)\), where \(v\) belongs to the dual diagonal Graver cone. The results are extended later to show that for more general polynomials. It is shown that for every fixed \(d\) there is an algorithm that, given the Graver basis, solves \[ \min\{f(x): x \in \mathbb{Z}^n, ~Ax=b,~ x \geq 0\} \] in polynomial time for every degree \(d\) integer homogeneous polynomial \(f\) in a cone of certain tensors defined by \(A\).











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