The structure of approximate groups.

DOI10.1007/S10240-012-0043-9MaRDI QIDQ1927933zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Emmanuel Breuillard, Terence Tao, Ben Green

Publication date 2 January 2013

Published in Publications Mathématiques (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1110.5008

zbMATH Keywords

approximate groupscorrespondence principlecosetsfifth Hilbert problemFreiman-Rusza theoremfundamental groupsGromov theoremLie groupslocal groupslocally compact groupsMargulis lemmanonnegatively curved manifoldsvirtual nilpotence

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Arithmetic combinatorics; higher degree uniformity (11B30) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Geometric group theory (20F65) General properties and structure of locally compact groups (22D05)

Abstract: Let K >= 1 be a parameter. A K-approximate group is a finite set A in a (local) group which contains the identity, is symmetric, and such that A^2 is covered by K left translates of A. The main result of this paper is a qualitative description of approximate groups as being essentially finite-by-nilpotent, answering a conjecture of H. Helfgott and E. Lindenstrauss. This may be viewed as a generalisation of the Freiman-Ruzsa theorem on sets of small doubling in the integers to arbitrary groups. We begin by establishing a correspondence principle between approximate groups and locally compact (local) groups that allows us to recover many results recently established in a fundamental paper of Hrushovski. In particular we establish that approximate groups can be approximately modeled by Lie groups. To prove our main theorem we apply some additional arguments essentially due to Gleason. These arose in the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem in the 1950s. Applications of our main theorem include a finitary refinement of Gromov's theorem, as well as a generalized Margulis lemma conjectured by Gromov and a result on the virtual nilpotence of the fundamental group of Ricci almost nonnegatively curved manifolds.

Recommendations

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• Approximate groups. I: The torsion-free nilpotent case
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• Hilbert's fifth problem and related topics
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