A new generalization of the Lelong number

DOI10.1007/S11512-011-0158-0MaRDI QIDQ1944770zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Aron Lagerberg

Publication date 27 March 2013

Published in Arkiv för Matematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1001.3562

zbMATH Keywords

closed positive currents Lelong numbers plurisubharmonic functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Plurisubharmonic functions and generalizations (32U05) Lelong numbers (32U25) Currents (32U40)

Abstract: We introduce a quantity which measures the singularity of a plurisubharmonic function f relative to another plurisubharmonic function g, at a point a. This quantity, which we denote by

u_{a, g} (f)

, can be seen as a generalization of the classical Lelong number, in a natural way. The main theorem of this article says that the upper level sets of our generalized Lelong number, i.e. the sets of the form

z : u_{z, g} (f) g e q c > 0

, are in fact analytic sets, under certain conditions on the weight g.

Review text

The author introduces and studies a new generalization of the Lelong number of a plurisubharmonic function \(u\) suggested by \textit{B. Berndtsson} in his paper [Ann. Inst. Fourier 56, No. 6, 1633--1662 (2006; Zbl 1120.32021)]. Let us give the precise definitions. Let \(u\) be a plurisubharmonic function in some open set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{C}^n\). Since the singularities of such a function are known to be at most logarithmic, it is natural to introduce the following numbers. Given a point \(a\in\Omega\), recall that the Lelong number of the function \(u\) at the point \(a\) is defined as the limit \[ \nu(u,a):= \liminf_{z\to a}\,{u(z)\over \log|z-a|}. \] Observe that \(\nu(u, a)= 0\) if \(u(a)> -\infty\). The number \(\nu(u, a)\) is the largest positive number \(\nu\) such that \(u(z)\leq\nu\log|z- a|+O(1)\) near the point \(a\). If \(u:= \log|f|\), where \(f\) is a holomorphic function in some domain \(\Omega\) then \(\nu(\log|f|, a)\) is the multiplicity of the zero \(a\) as a solution of the equation \(f(z)= 0\). This number measures the logarithmic weight of the singularity \(a\) of the potential \(u\). The Lelong number plays an important role in the study of the integrability of the function \(e^{-2\alpha u}\) in a neighbourhood of a fixed point \(a\in\Omega\), \(\alpha> 0\) being a parameter. In this respect another number which plays an important role is the so-called integrability index introduced by \textit{J.-P. Demailly} and \textit{J. Kollár} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 34, No. 4, 525--556 (2001; Zbl 0994.32021)]. A well-known result of \textit{H. Skoda} [Bull. Soc. Math. Fr. 100, 353--408 (1972; Zbl 0246.32009)] says that if \(\nu_u(a)< 1\) then \(e^{-2u}\) is locally integrable in a neighbourhood of \(a\). On the other hand it is easy to see that if \(\nu_u(a)\geq n\) then \(e^{-2u}\) is not locally integrable in any neighbourhood of \(a\). \textit{J.-P. Demailly} introduced and studied a generalisation of Lelong numbers in his paper [Acta Math. 159, 153--169 (1987; Zbl 0629.32011)]. Let us now give the definition of the new generalized Lelong number introduced in the paper under review. Let \(u\) be a given plurisubharmonic function in an open set \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{C}^n\) and \(\psi\) be a plurisubharmonic function near the origin in \(\mathbb{C}^n\), called a weight function. Then the generalized Lelong number of \(u\) at the \(a\in\Omega\) with respect to the weight \(\psi\) is given by \[ \nu_{a,\psi}(u):= \text{inf}\Big\{s> 0; \zeta\mapsto e^{-s^{-1}u(\zeta)- 2\psi(\zeta- a)}\in L^1_{\text{loc}}(a)\Big\}. \] In order for the definition to make sense for a nonzero \(\psi\), it is necessary to impose some condition on the behaviour of \(\psi\) at the origin. The condition assumed for \(\psi\) is that there exists \(p>1\) such that \(e^{-2p\psi}\) is locally integrable in a neighbourhood of the origin. A natural choise for \(\psi\) is the one-parameter family of logarithmic weights: \(\psi_t(z):= t\log|z|\) for \(t\in[0, n[\). For these weight functions one sets \(\nu_t(u; a)= \nu_{a,\psi_t}(u)\). Observe that when \(t=0\), \(\nu_{a,0}(u)\) is exactly the integrability index of the function \(u\) at the point \(a\) as defined by Demailly and Kollár. By a remarkable result of Berndtsson the number \(\nu_{n-1}(u, a)\) coincides with the Lelong number of \(a\) at the point \(a\). In this way one obtains a one parameter family of positive numbers which interpolate between the integrability index of the function \(u\) at a given point \(a\) and its Lelong number at \(a\). The first important property about the classical Lelong numbers is summarized in the following inequalities which follow from Skoda's theorem: for any \(z\in\Omega\), \[ \nu_0(u,z)\leq \nu_{n-1}(u, z)\leq n\nu_0(u,z). \] The first main result of the paper is a generalisation of these inequalities. Namely for any \(z\in\Omega\) and any \(t\in[0,n[\), \[ \nu_0(u,z)\leq \nu_{n-1}(u, z)\leq(n- t) \nu_t(u,z)\leq n\nu_0(u,z). \] The second main result concerning the classical Lelong numbers is the analyticity theorem of Siu which says that for any \(c>0\) the sublevel set \(\{z\in\Omega; \nu(u;z)\geq c\}\) is an analytic subset of \(\Omega\). The second main result of the paper is the following generalisation of Sui's theorem: for any \(c>0\) the sublevel set \(\{z\in\Omega; \nu_\psi(u; z)\geq c\}\) is an analytic subset of \(\Omega\) provided that \(e^{2\psi}\) is Hölder continuous near the origin.

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