The Hilbert scheme of Buchsbaum space curves

Linkage, complete intersections and determinantal ideals (13C40) Syzygies, resolutions, complexes and commutative rings (13D02) Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) (14C05) Plane and space curves (14H50) Linkage (14M06)

Abstract: We consider the Hilbert scheme H(d,g) of space curves C with homogeneous ideal I(C):=H_{*}^0(sI_C) and Rao module M:=H_{*}^1(sI_C). By taking suitable generizations (deformations to a more general curve) C' of C, we simplify the minimal free resolution of I(C) by e.g. making consecutive free summands (ghost-terms) disappear in a free resolution of I(C'). Using this for Buchsbaum curves of diameter one (M_v e 0 for only one v), we establish a one-to-one correspondence between the set sS of irreducible components of H(d,g) that contain (C) and a set of minimal 5-tuples that specializes in an explicit manner to a 5-tuple of certain graded Betti numbers of C related to ghost-terms. Moreover we almost completely (resp. completely) determine the graded Betti numbers of all generizations of C (resp. all generic curves of sS), and we give a specific description of the singular locus of the Hilbert scheme of curves of diameter at most one. We also prove some semi-continuity results for the graded Betti numbers of any space curve under some assumptions.

Review text

Let \(C\) be a curve in \(\mathbb P^3\) over an algebraically closed field \(k\) and let \(R = k[x_0,x_1,x_2,x_3]\). Denote by \(I(C)\) its homogeneous ideal, and by \(\mathcal I_C\) its ideal sheaf. The \textit{Rao module} (sometimes \textit{Hartshorne-Rao module} or \textit{deficiency module}) of \(C\) is the graded \(R\)-module \(M = H_*^1(\mathcal I_C) := \bigoplus_{t \in \mathbb Z} H^1(\mathbb P^3, \mathcal I_C (t))\). The curve \(C\) is said to be \textit{Buchsbaum} if \(M\) is annihilated by the irrelevant ideal of \(R\). This is true in particular when \(M\) has only one non-zero component, and such curves are the central object of study of this paper. Assume from now on that \(C\) is such a curve. We consider all the components, \(V\), of the Hilbert scheme \(H(d,g)\) that contain \(C\). The author determines \(V\) from the point of view of describing the graded Betti numbers of the generic curve of \(V\) in terms of the graded Betti numbers of \(C\). This deep and careful study of the behavior of the Betti numbers of curves in these families, combined with earlier work of the author, gives us a good understanding of the Hilbert scheme of \(C\), and its singular locus.

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