Cluster exchange groupoids and framed quadratic differentials

Abstract: We introduce the cluster exchange groupoid associated to a non-degenerate quiver with potential, as an enhancement of the cluster exchange graph. In the case that arises from an (unpunctured) marked surface, where the exchange graph is modelled on the graph of triangulations of the marked surface, we show that the universal cover of this groupoid can be constructed using the covering graph of triangulations of the surface with extra decorations. This covering graph is a skeleton for a space of suitably framed quadratic differentials on the surface, which in turn models the space of Bridgeland stability conditions for the 3-Calabi-Yau category associated to the marked surface. By showing that the relations in the covering groupoid are homotopically trivial when interpreted as loops in the space of stability conditions, we show that this space is simply connected.

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For a Ginzburg dg algebra \(\Gamma\) associated to a quiver with potential \((Q,W)\), we have the cluster category \(\mathcal{C}(\Gamma) = \operatorname{per} \Gamma/ D_{f d}(\Gamma)\), of which the cluster tilting objects correspond to the vertices of the cluster exchange graph \(\underline{\operatorname{CEG}}(Q)\). A closely related graph is the oriented exchange graph \(\operatorname{EG}^{\circ}(\Gamma)\) whose vertices correspond to silting objects in \(\operatorname{per} \Gamma\). It is a covering of the oriented version \(\operatorname{CEG}(Q)\) of the first exchange graph. This paper introduces an enhancement of these exchange graphs to groupoids \(\mathcal{CEG}(Q)\) and \(\mathcal{EG}^{\circ}(\Gamma)\) by adding some suitable relations. In the case \(\Gamma=\Gamma_T\) arising from a triangulation \(T\) of an unpunctured marked surface \(\mathbf{S}\), it is proved that \(\mathcal{EG}^{\circ}(\Gamma_T)\) is the universal cover of \(\mathcal{CEG}(Q)\). The proof uses a topological model \(\operatorname{EG}^{\mathbb{T}}(\mathbf{S}_{\Delta})\) of \(\operatorname{EG}^{\circ}(\Gamma_T)\) which is associated to the decorated markded surface \(\mathbf{S}_{\Delta}\) and the decoration \(\mathbb{T}\) of \(T\) therein. The exchange graph \(\operatorname{EG}^{\circ}(\Gamma)\) is a skeleton of the principal component \(\operatorname{Stab}^{\circ}(\Gamma)\) of the space of Brideland stability conditions on \(D_{fd}(\Gamma)\). By this fact and the argument explained above, this paper shows that the component \(\operatorname{Stab}^{\circ}(\Gamma)\) is simply connected in the case \(\Gamma=\Gamma_T\) arising from an unpunctured marked surface.

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