Local asymptotic equivalence of pure states ensembles and quantum Gaussian white noise

DOI10.1214/17-AOS1672MaRDI QIDQ1990598zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Cristina Butucea, Michael Nussbaum, Mădălin Guţă

Publication date 25 October 2018

Published in The Annals of Statistics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03445, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.aos/1536631287

zbMATH Keywords

Le Cam distancelocal asymptotic equivalencenonparametric estimationnonparametric sharp testing ratesquantum Gaussian process and sequencequantum homodyne tomographyquantum physicsquantum states ensemble

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Theory of statistical experiments (62B15) Nonparametric estimation (62G05) Nonparametric hypothesis testing (62G10) Applications of statistics to physics (62P35) Quantum state estimation, approximate cloning (81P50)

Abstract: Quantum technology is increasingly relying on specialised statistical inference methods for analysing quantum measurement data. This motivates the development of "quantum statistics", a field that is shaping up at the overlap of quantum physics and "classical" statistics. One of the less investigated topics to date is that of statistical inference for infinite dimensional quantum systems, which can be seen as quantum counterpart of non-parametric statistics. In this paper we analyse the asymptotic theory of quantum statistical models consisting of ensembles of quantum systems which are identically prepared in a pure state. In the limit of large ensembles we establish the local asymptotic equivalence (LAE) of this i.i.d. model to a quantum Gaussian white noise model. We use the LAE result in order to establish minimax rates for the estimation of pure states belonging to Hermite-Sobolev classes of wave functions. Moreover, for quadratic functional estimation of the same states we note an elbow effect in the rates, whereas for testing a pure state a sharp parametric rate is attained over the nonparametric Hermite-Sobolev class.

Review text

This paper concentrates on the quantum LAN theory covering nonparametric quantum models, where finite dimensional systems such as light pulses or free particles are commonly encountered in quantum physics, and their estimation is an important topic in quantum optics. The authors are interested in the set of pure states (one-dimensional projections) on infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Obtained minimax results can serve as a benchmark for the performance of specific methods, such as quantum homodyne tomography, by comparing their risk with the minimax risk derived in the paper. The rather long introductory part of the paper is a detailed summary of the quantum mechanics background and review of key elements of quantum statistical models. First main results is Theorem 4.1 giving local asymptotic equivalence between the nonparametric iid pure states model and the Gaussian shift model, extending thus existing LAN theory from parametric to nonparametric (infinite dimensional) models. Other main results are Theorems 5.1 and 5.3 which deal with the upper and respectively lower bound for a model consisting of an ensemble of \(n\) independent identically prepared systems in a pure state belonging to a Hermite-Sobolev class of wave functions. Section 5 details three applications of these results as asymptotic minimax rates or concrete estimation procedures for state estimation with respect to the trace-norm and Bures distances.

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Cited in

(10)

• The Le Cam distance between density estimation, Poisson processes and Gaussian white noise
• Minimax nonparametric estimation of pure quantum states
• Local asymptotic normality in quantum statistics
• Local Hypothesis Testing Between a Pure Bipartite State and the White Noise State
• Quantum local asymptotic normality based on a new quantum likelihood ratio
• Tight Asymptotic Bounds on Local Hypothesis Testing Between a Pure Bipartite State and the White Noise State
• Multi-parameter estimation beyond quantum Fisher information
• Efficiency of estimators for locally asymptotically normal quantum statistical models
• Minimax estimation of low-rank quantum states and their linear functionals
• Asymptotic equivalence of locally stationary processes and bivariate Gaussian white noise

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