Bilinear forms on finite abelian groups and group-invariant Butson Hadamard matrices

Abstract: Let

K

be a finite abelian group and let

e x p (K)

denote the least common multiple of the orders of the elements of

K

. A

B H (K, h)

matrix is a

K

-invariant

| K | i m e s | K |

matrix

H

whose entries are complex

h

th roots of unity such that

H H^{*} = | K | I

, where

H^{*}

denotes the complex conjugate transpose of

H

, and

I

is the identity matrix of order

| K |

. Let

u_{p} (x)

denote the

p

-adic valuation of the integer

x

. Using bilinear forms on

K

, we show that a

B H (K, h)

exists whenever (i)

u_{p} (h) g e q l c e i l u_{p} (e x p (K)) / 2 c e i l

for every prime divisor

p

of

| K |

and (ii)

u_{2} (h) g e 2

if

u_{2} (| K |)

is odd and

K

has a direct factor

m a t h b b Z_{2}

. Employing the field descent method, we prove that these conditions are necessary for the existence of a

B H (K, h)

matrix in the case where

K

is cyclic of prime power order.

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