A gluing formula for families Seiberg-Witten invariants

DOI10.2140/GT.2020.24.1381MaRDI QIDQ2004528zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors David Baraglia, Hokuto Konno

Publication date 7 October 2020

Published in Geometry \& Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.11691

zbMATH Keywords

four-manifoldsgluing formulaepositive scalar curvatureSeiberg-Witten

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Group actions on manifolds and cell complexes in low dimensions (57M60) Topology of vector bundles and fiber bundles (57R22) Applications of global analysis to structures on manifolds (57R57)

Abstract: We prove a gluing formula for the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of families of $4$-manifolds obtained by fibrewise connected sum. Our formula expresses the families Seiberg-Witten invariants of such a connected sum family in terms of the ordinary Seiberg-Witten invariants of one of the summands, under certain assumptions on the families. We construct some variants of the families Seiberg-Witten invariants and prove the gluing formula also for these variants. One variant incorporates a twist of the families moduli space using the charge conjugation symmetry of the Seiberg-Witten equations. The other variant is an equivariant Seiberg-Witten invariant of smooth group actions. We consider several applications of the gluing formula including: obstructions to smooth isotopy of diffeomorpihsms, computation of the mod $2$ Seiberg-Witten invariants of spin structures, relations between mod $2$ Seiberg-Witten invariants of $4$-manifolds and obstructions to the existence of invariant metrics of positive scalar curvature for smooth group actions on $4$-manifolds.

Review text

Seiberg-Witten theory constructs invariants of smooth four-manifold out of moduli spaces of solutions of the Seiberg-Witten equation. The introduction of these invariants revolutionised gauge theory and low-dimensional topology in the 1990s. To this day Seiberg-Witten theory remains one of the crucial tools in low-dimensional topology. Donaldson proposed to study a version of these invariants for families of four-manifolds [\textit{S. K. Donaldson}, Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 33, No. 1, 45--70 (1996; Zbl 0872.57023)]. This idea has been picked up by many authors. A particularly striking application of the families Seiberg-Witten invariant is Ruberman's proof that for certain simply connected 4-manifolds the space of positive scalar metrics has infinitely many connected components [\textit{D. Ruberman}, Geom. Topol. 5, 895--924 (2001; Zbl 1002.57064)]. To compute the families Seiberg-Witten invariant \textit{T.-J. Li} and \textit{A.-K. Liu} established a wall-crossing formula [Commun. Anal. Geom. 9, No. 4, 777--823 (2001; Zbl 1034.53090)] and \textit{A.-K. Liu} established a blow-up formula [J. Differ. Geom. 56, No. 3, 381--579 (2000; Zbl 1036.14014)]. The article under review establishes gluing formulae for the families Seiberg-Witten invariant -- a far-reaching generalisation of a crucial part of Ruberman's argument. The authors also discuss the consequences of their formulae in detail and provide a substantial number of topological applications. The formulations of the precise gluing formulae are rather involved but exceptionally well explained in the article (see Theorems 1.1, 4.1, 4.3, 4,4). Here are some of the applications: \begin{itemize} \item The four-manifolds \(X_n = (S^2 \times S^2)^{\# n} \,\#\, K3^{\# n}\) (\(n\geq 2\)) and \(Y_{n,m} = (\mathbb{C}P^2)^{\# 2n} \,\#\, (\overline{\mathbb{C}P^2})^{\# m}\) (\(n\geq 2, m \geq 10n + 1\)) admit diffeomorphisms which are isotopic to the identity but not smoothly so. \item The four-manifold \(Y_{n,m}\) (\(n \geq 4\), \(m \geq n + 18\)) admits a metric of positive scalar curvature and smooth involution \(f\) but no \(f\)-invariant metric of positive scalar curvature. \end{itemize}

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Cited in

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• A gluing formula for the Seiberg-Witten invariant along \(T^3\)
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