An extremal problem for functions annihilated by a Toeplitz operator

Abstract: For a bounded function

v a r p h i

on the unit circle

m a t h b b T

, let

T_{v} a r p h i

be the associated Toeplitz operator on the Hardy space

H^{2}

. Assume that the kernel

K_2(varphi):={fin H^2:,T_varphi f=0}

is nontrivial. Given a unit-norm function

f

in

K_{2} (v a r p h i)

, we ask whether an identity of the form

| f |^{2} = f r a c 12 l e f t (| f_{1} |^{2} + | f_{2} |^{2} i g h t)

may hold a.e. on

m a t h b b T

for some

f_{1}, f_{2} i n K_{2} (v a r p h i)

, both of norm

1

and such that

| f_{1} | e | f_{2} |

on a set of positive measure. We then show that such a decomposition is possible if and only if either

f

or

o v e r l i n e z v a r p h i f

has a nontrivial inner factor. The proof relies on an intrinsic characterization of the moduli of functions in

K_{2} (v a r p h i)

, a result which we also extend to

K_{p} (v a r p h i)

(the kernel of

T_{v} a r p h i

in

H^{p}

) with

1 l e p l e i n f t y

.

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