Necessary conditions for point equivalence of second-order ODEs to the sixth Painlevé equation
The paper considers a family of differential equations of the form \[ \frac{d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}=S(x,y)\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^{3}+R(x,y)\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)^{2}+Q(x,y)\frac{dy}{dx}+P(x,y), \tag{1} \] where \(P,Q,R,S\) are arbitrary analytic functions. This family of differential equations is closed with respect to point analytic transformations of the form \[ (2)\;z=\xi(x,y),\qquad w=\eta(x,y),\qquad det\frac{\partial(\xi,\eta)}{\partial(x,y)}\neq0, \tag{2} \] and Painlevé equations belong to the family. Since equations of the form (1) are often found in applications, it would be useful to describe those whose solutions can be expressed using solutions of the Painlevé equations. For this purpose, the author proposes to use the transformation (2) invariants for the family (1), which were found explicitly earlier (see [the author, J. Phys. A, Math. Theor. 46, No. 29, Article ID 295201, 36 p. (2013; Zbl 1285.34024)]). The paper shows how this can be done using the sixth Painlevé equation as an example.
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