Massey products in mapping tori

Kähler manifolds (32Q15) Local differential geometry of Hermitian and Kählerian structures (53B35) Homology with local coefficients, equivariant cohomology (55N25) Spectral sequences in algebraic topology (55T99)

Abstract: Let

p h i : M o M

be a diffeomorphism of a

C^{i} n f t y

compact connected manifold, and

X

its mapping torus. There is a natural fibration

p : X o S^{1}

, denote by

x i i n H^{1} (X, m a t h b b Z)

the corresponding cohomology class. Let

l a m b d a i n m a t h b b Z^{*}

. Consider the endomorphism

p h i_{k}^{*}

induced by

p h i

in the cohomology of

M

of degree

k

, and denote by

J_{k} (l a m b d a)

the maximal size of its Jordan block of eigenvalue

l a m b d a

. Define a representation

h o_{l} a m b d a : p i_{1} (X) o m a t h b b C^{*}

by

h o_{l} a m b d a (g) = l a m b d a^{p_{*} (g)} .

Let

H^{*} (X, h o_{l} a m b d a)

be the corresponding twisted cohomology of

X

. We prove that

J_{k} (l a m b d a)

is equal to the maximal length of a non-zero Massey product of the form

l a n g l e x i, l d o t s, x i, a a n g l e

where

a i n H^{k} (X, h o_{l} a m b d a)

(here the length means the number of entries of

x i

). In particular, if

X

is a strongly formal space (e.g. a K"ahler manifold) then all the Jordan blocks of

p h i_{k}^{*}

are of size 1. If

X

is a formal space, then all the Jordan blocks of eigenvalue 1 are of size 1. This leads to a simple construction of formal but not strongly formal mapping tori. The proof of the main theorem is based on the fact that the Massey products of the above form can be identified with differentials in a Massey spectral sequence, which in turn can be explicitly computed in terms of the Jordan normal form of

p h i^{*}

.

Review text

If \(X\) is a connected manifold, \(\xi\in H^1(X,\mathbb C)\) is a non-zero cohomology class, and \(\lambda\in\mathbb C^*\), then there is a spectral sequence starting with \(H^*(X,\rho_\lambda)\) and converging to the cohomology \(H^*(X,\rho_{\lambda'})\), where \(\lambda'\) is a generic complex number. For \(\alpha\in\mathbb C\) such that \(e^\alpha=\lambda\), the cohomology \(H^*(X,\rho_\lambda)\) can be computed from the twisted de Rham complex \(\widetilde\Omega^*(X)=\Omega^*(X,\widetilde d)\), where \( \widetilde d(\omega)=d\omega+\alpha\xi\wedge\omega\). An \(r\)-chain starting from \(a\in H^*(X,\rho_\lambda)\) is a sequence of differential forms \(\omega_1,\dots,\omega_r\in\Omega^*(X)\) such that \(d\omega_1=0\), \([\omega_1]=a\), \(d\omega_2=\xi\wedge\omega_1,\dots,d\omega_r=\xi\wedge\omega_{r-1}\). The subspace of all \(a\in H^*(\widetilde\Omega^*(X))\) such that there exists an \(r\)-chain starting from \(a\) is denoted by \(MZ^m_{(r)}\). It is said that the \(r\)-fold Massey product \(\langle\xi,\dots,\xi,a\rangle\) is defined if \(a\in MZ_{(r)}\). The image of the cohomology class of \(\partial C=\xi\wedge\omega_r\) in \(MZ_{(r)}/MB_{(r)}\) is called the \(r\)-fold Massey product of \(\xi\) and \(a\) and denoted by \(\langle\underbrace{\xi,\dots,\xi}_{r\;\text{times}},a\rangle\), where \(MB^m_{(r)}\) is the subspace of all \(\beta\in H^*(\widetilde\Omega^*(X))\) such that there exists an \((r-1)\)-chain \(C\) in \(\beta\). If \(X\) is a \(C^\infty\) manifold, \(Q^*(X)\) is the differential graded algebra of complex-valued differential forms on \(X\), and \({\mathbf M}^*(X)\) is a minimal model for \(Q^*(X)\), then the manifold \(X\) is called formal if there is a differential graded algebra homomorphism \({\mathbf M}^*(X)\to H^*(X,\mathbb C)\) inducing an isomorphism in cohomology. \(X\) is strongly formal if the differential graded algebra \(\overline\Omega^*(X)\) is formal. If \(\varphi:M\to M\) is a diffeomorphism of a \(C^\infty\) compact connected manifold, and \(X\) its mapping torus, then there is a natural fibration \(p:X\to S^1\) and \(\xi\in H^1(X,\mathbb Z)\) is the corresponding cohomology class. For \(\lambda\in\mathbb C^*\), and the representation \(\rho_\lambda:\pi_1(X)\to\mathbb C^*\), \(\rho_\lambda(g)=\lambda^{p_*(g)}\), the corresponding twisted cohomology of \(X\) is \(H^*(X,\rho_\lambda)\). Let \(\varphi_k^*:H^k(M,\mathbb C)\to H^k(M,\mathbb C)\) be the endomorphism induced by \(\varphi\) in the cohomology of \(M\) of degree \(k\). Denote by \(J_k(\lambda)\) the maximal size of its Jordan block of eigenvalue \(\lambda\) and by \(\mu_k(\lambda)\) the maximal length of a non-zero Massey product of the form \(\langle\xi,\dots,\xi,a\rangle\), where \(a\in H^k(X,\rho_\lambda)\). In this paper, the author proves that \(J_k(\lambda)=\mu_k(\lambda)\) for all \(k\) and \(\lambda\). Also, it is shown that if \(X\) is a strongly formal space, then all the Jordan blocks of \(\varphi_k^*\) are of size \(1\), and if \(X\) is a formal space, then all the Jordan blocks of eigenvalue \(1\) are of size \(1\). Finally, the author shows a simple construction of formal but not strongly formal mapping tori.

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