Sums of powers of Catalan triangle numbers

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DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2017.05.006MaRDI QIDQ2012523zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Hideyuki Ohtsuka, Natalia Romero, Pedro J. Miana

Publication date 1 August 2017

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1602.04347

zbMATH Keywords

Catalan numbers binomial coefficients combinatorial identities Catalan triangle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorials, binomial coefficients, combinatorial functions (05A10) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19)

Abstract: In this paper we consider combinatorial numbers

C_{m, k}

for

m g e 1

and

k g e 0

which unifies the entries of the Catalan triangles

B_{n, k}

and

A_{n, k}

for appropriate values of parameters

m

and

k

, i.e.,

B_{n, k} = C_{2 n, n - k}

and

A_{n, k} = C_{2 n + 1, n + 1 - k}

. In fact, some of these numbers are the well-known Catalan numbers

C_{n}

that is

C_{2 n, n - 1} = C_{2 n + 1, n} = C_{n}

. We present new identities for recurrence relations, linear sums and alternating sum of

C_{m, k}

. After that, we check sums (and alternating sums) of squares and cubes of

C_{m, k}

and, consequently, for

B_{n, k}

and

A_{n, k}

. In particular, one of these equalities solves an open problem posed in cite{[GHMN]}. We also present some linear identities involving harmonic numbers

H_{n}

and Catalan triangles numbers

C_{m, k}

. Finally, in the last section new open problems and identities involving

C_{n}

are conjectured.

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