Asymptotic optimality of a greedy randomized algorithm in a large-scale service system with general packing constraints

DOI10.1007/S11134-014-9414-XzbMATH Open1310.90031arXiv1306.4991OpenAlexW2081708767MaRDI QIDQ2018944FDOQ2018944

Authors: Yuan Zhong, Alexander L. Stolyar 

Publication date: 26 March 2015

Published in: Queueing Systems (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We consider a service system model primarily motivated by the problem of efficient assignment of virtual machines to physical host machines in a network cloud, so that the number of occupied hosts is minimized. There are multiple types of arriving customers, where a customer's mean service time depends on its type. There is an infinite number of servers. Multiple customers can be placed for service into one server, subject to general "packing" constraints. Service times of different customers are independent, even if served simultaneously by the same server. Each new arriving customer is placed for service immediately, either into a server already serving other customers (as long as packing constraints are not violated) or into an idle server. After a service completion, each customer leaves its server and the system. We propose an extremely simple and easily implementable customer placement algorithm, called Greedy-Random (GRAND). It places each arriving customer uniformly at random into either one of the already occupied servers (subject to packing constraints) or one of the so-called zero-servers, which are empty servers designated to be available to new arrivals. One instance of GRAND, called GRAND($aZ$), where $age0$ is a parameter, is such that the number of zero-servers at any given time $t$ is $aZ(t)$, where $Z(t)$ is the current total number of customers in the system. We prove that GRAND($aZ$) with $a>0$ is asymptotically optimal, as the customer arrival rates grow to infinity and $ao0$, in the sense of minimizing the total number of occupied servers in steady state. In addition, we study by simulations various versions of GRAND and observe the dependence of convergence speed and steady-state performance on the number of zero-servers.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.4991

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zbMATH Keywords

cloud computingqueueing networksfluid limitvirtual machineinfinite server systemgreedy random algorithmstochastic bin packing

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Queues and service in operations research (90B22) Queueing theory (aspects of probability theory) (60K25) Performance evaluation, queueing, and scheduling in the context of computer systems (68M20) Stochastic network models in operations research (90B15)

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Cited In (6)

• A theory of auto-scaling for resource reservation in cloud services
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