Quantifying the potential and flux landscapes for nonequilibrium multiverse, a new scenario for time arrow

DOI10.1007/JHEP02(2021)105zbMATH Open1460.85008arXiv1912.03173OpenAlexW3129682561MaRDI QIDQ2025992FDOQ2025992

Authors: Yanyan Li 

Publication date: 17 May 2021

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We propose a new scenario of nonequilibirum multiverse. We quantified the potential landscape and the flux landscape for the Bousso-Polchinski type of multiverse. The potential landscape quantifies the weight of each universe. When the terminal vacuum with zero (flat) or negative cosmological constant (AdS) have a chance to tunnel back to the normal universes with positive cosmological constant (dS) through the bounce suggested by the recent studies, the detailed balance of the populations of the multiverse can be broken. We found that the degree of the detailed balance breaking can be quantified by the underlying average flux and associated flux landscape, which gives arise to the dynamical origin of irreversibility and the arrow of time. We also showed that the steady state of the multiverse is maintained by the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rate which is associated to the flux. This gives arise to thermodynamic origin of time irreversibility. We show that terminal vacuum universes can have dominant weights or lowest potentials giving arise to a funnel shaped potential landscape, while terminal vacuum universes together with other normal universes including ours can form dominant cycles giving arise to a funnel shaped cycle flux landscape. This indicates that even our universe may not be distinct from others based on the probability measure, it may lie in the dominant cycle(s), leading to higher chance of being found. This may provide an additional way beyond the anthropological principle for identifying our universe.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03173

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zbMATH Keywords

cosmology of theories beyond the SMstring theory and cosmic stringsanthropic principle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Philosophy of mathematics (00A30)

Cites Work

• Quantization of four-form fluxes and dynamical neutralization of the cosmological constant
• Nonequilibrium fluctuations, fluctuation theorems, and counting statistics in quantum systems
• Fluctuation theorems for stochastic dynamics
• Probabilities in the inflationary multiverse
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
• Inflation and quantum cosmology
• Computational complexity of the landscape. II: Cosmological considerations
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Quantum Transitions Between Minkowski and de Sitter Spacetimes

Cited In (2)

• A combinatorial approach to time asymmetry
• Quantum master equation for the vacuum decay dynamics

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