Quantifying the potential and flux landscapes for nonequilibrium multiverse, a new scenario for time arrow

DOI10.1007/JHEP02(2021)105MaRDI QIDQ2025992zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yanyan Li

Publication date 17 May 2021

Published in Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.03173

zbMATH Keywords

cosmology of theories beyond the SMstring theory and cosmic stringsanthropic principle

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Astrophysical cosmology (85A40) Philosophy of mathematics (00A30)

Abstract: We propose a new scenario of nonequilibirum multiverse. We quantified the potential landscape and the flux landscape for the Bousso-Polchinski type of multiverse. The potential landscape quantifies the weight of each universe. When the terminal vacuum with zero (flat) or negative cosmological constant (AdS) have a chance to tunnel back to the normal universes with positive cosmological constant (dS) through the bounce suggested by the recent studies, the detailed balance of the populations of the multiverse can be broken. We found that the degree of the detailed balance breaking can be quantified by the underlying average flux and associated flux landscape, which gives arise to the dynamical origin of irreversibility and the arrow of time. We also showed that the steady state of the multiverse is maintained by the thermodynamic cost quantified by the entropy production rate which is associated to the flux. This gives arise to thermodynamic origin of time irreversibility. We show that terminal vacuum universes can have dominant weights or lowest potentials giving arise to a funnel shaped potential landscape, while terminal vacuum universes together with other normal universes including ours can form dominant cycles giving arise to a funnel shaped cycle flux landscape. This indicates that even our universe may not be distinct from others based on the probability measure, it may lie in the dominant cycle(s), leading to higher chance of being found. This may provide an additional way beyond the anthropological principle for identifying our universe.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(2)

• A combinatorial approach to time asymmetry
• Quantum master equation for the vacuum decay dynamics

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