On rational and hypergeometric solutions of linear ordinary difference equations in ^-field extensions

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On rational and hypergeometric solutions of linear ordinary difference equations in \(\Pi\Sigma^\ast\)-field extensions



Abstract: We present a complete algorithm that computes all hypergeometric solutions of homogeneous linear difference equations and rational solutions of parameterized linear difference equations in the setting of PiSigma∗-fields. More generally, we provide a flexible framework for a big class of difference fields that is built by a tower of PiSigma∗-field extensions over a difference field that satisfies certain algorithmic properties. As a consequence one can compute all solutions in terms of indefinite nested sums and products that arise within the components of a parameterized linear difference equation, and one can find all hypergeometric solutions that are defined over the arising sums and products of a homogeneous linear difference equation.


In this paper the authors develop an algorithmic framework to solve linear difference equations in the context of \(\Pi\Sigma^*\)-fields. That is, the coefficients of these equations are assumed to be indefinitely nested sums and products that can be represented as elements of a \(\Pi\Sigma^*\)-field. The two main results of this paper are algorithms for computing (1) hypergeometric solutions of homogeneous linear difference equations, and (2) rational solutions of parameterized (inhomogeneous) linear difference equations. These algorithms are therefore generalizations of classical algorithms (Abramov, Petkovšek, etc.). They can also be viewed as the difference analog of Singer's algorithm, based on Risch's algorithm, for finding all Liouvillian solutions of linear differential equations whose coefficients are given in terms of Liouvillian extensions.



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