Biquadratic tensors, biquadratic decompositions, and norms of biquadratic tensors

DOI10.1007/S11464-021-0895-8MaRDI QIDQ2040653zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Liqun Qi, Xinzhen Zhang, Yanwei Xu, Shenglong Hu

Publication date 14 July 2021

Published in Frontiers of Mathematics in China (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.13451

zbMATH Keywords

tensor productnuclear normbiquadratic rank-one decompositionbiquadratic tensorbiquadratic Tucker decomposition

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Factorization of matrices (15A23) Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69)

Abstract: Biquadratic tensors play a central role in many areas of science. Examples include elasticity tensor and Eshelby tensor in solid mechanics, and Riemann curvature tensor in relativity theory. The singular values and spectral norm of a general third order tensor are the square roots of the M-eigenvalues and spectral norm of a biquadratic tensor. The tensor product operation is closed for biquadratic tensors. All of these motivate us to study biquadratic tensors, biquadratic decomposition and norms of biquadratic tensors. We show that the spectral norm and nuclear norm for a biquadratic tensor may be computed by using its biquadratic structure. Then, either the number of variables is reduced, or the feasible region can be reduced. We show constructively that for a biquadratic tensor, a biquadratic rank-one decomposition always exists, and show that the biquadratic rank of a biquadratic tensor is preserved under an independent biquadratic Tucker decomposition. We present a lower bound and an upper bound of the nuclear norm of a biquadratic tensor. Finally, we define invertible biquadratic tensors, and present a lower bound for the product of the nuclear norms of an invertible biquadratic tensor and its inverse, and a lower bound for the product of the nuclear norm of an invertible biquadratic tensor, and the spectral norm of its inverse.

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Cited in

(2)

• Bounds of M-eigenvalues and strong ellipticity conditions for elasticity tensors
• Tighter bound estimation for efficient biquadratic optimization over unit spheres

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