Global Chang's conjecture and singular cardinals

Ordered sets and their cofinalities; pcf theory (03E04) Ordinal and cardinal numbers (03E10) Consistency and independence results (03E35) Large cardinals (03E55)

Abstract: We investigate the possibilities of global versions of Chang's Conjecture that involve singular cardinals. We show some

m a t h r m Z F C

limitations on such principles, and prove relative to large cardinals that Chang's Conjecture can consistently hold between all pairs of limit cardinals below

a l e p h_{o m e g a^{o} m e g a}

.

Review text

For infinite cardinals \(\mu < \kappa\) let \((\kappa^+,\kappa) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\mu^+,\mu)\) denote the following statement: For every structure \(\mathfrak{A}\) on \(\kappa^+\) in a countable language there is a substructure \(\mathfrak{B}\) of size \(\mu^+\) such that \(|\mathfrak{B} \cap \kappa|= \mu\).\\ Under GCH, \((\kappa^+,\kappa) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\mu^+,\mu)\) can only occur when \(\operatorname{cf}(\kappa) \geq \operatorname{cf}(\mu)\). This implies the global Chang conjecture which says that for all infinite cardinals \(\mu < \kappa\) with \(\operatorname{cf}(\mu) \leq \operatorname{cf}(\kappa)\) we have \((\kappa^+,\kappa) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\mu^+,\mu)\).\\ In [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 370, No. 4, 2879--2905 (2018; Zbl 06830291)], the authors have shown, assuming the consistency of a huge cardinal, that there is a model of ZFC + GCH in which \((\kappa^+,\kappa) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\mu^+,\mu)\) holds whenever \(\kappa\) is regular and \(\mu < \kappa\).\\ Here, the authors start in Section 2 with an investigation of the relationships between Chang's conjecture and PCF-theoretic scales and obtain some limitations on the simultaneous occurrences of some instances of Chang's conjecture. So they obtain that the full global Chang conjecture is inconsistent. In Section 3, they obtain results of the form \((\aleph_{\alpha+1},\aleph_{\alpha}) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\aleph_{\beta+1},\aleph_{\beta})\) for various choices of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) of countable cofinality. In the next section, they present a model in which \((\aleph_{\alpha+1},\aleph_{\alpha}) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\aleph_{\beta+1},\aleph_{\beta})\) holds for all limit ordinals \(0 \leq \beta < \alpha <\omega^{\omega}\) and in Section 5 they show the consistency of \((\aleph_{\alpha+1},\aleph_{\alpha}) \rightarrow \hspace*{-3mm}\rightarrow (\aleph_{\beta+1},\aleph_{\beta})\) for a fixed \(\beta\) and for all \(\alpha\) ranging over a longer interval of limit ordinals.

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