Braid actions on quantum toroidal superalgebras

Ring-theoretic aspects of quantum groups (16T20) Quantum groups (quantized enveloping algebras) and related deformations (17B37) Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36)

Abstract: We prove that the quantum toroidal algebras

m a t h c a l E_{m} a t h b f s

associated with different root systems

m a t h b f s

of

m a t h f r a k {g l}_{m | n}

type are isomorphic. We also show the existence of Miki automorphism of

m a t h c a l E_{m} a t h b f s

, which exchanges the vertical and horizontal subalgebras. To obtain these results, we establish an action of the toroidal braid group on the direct sum

o p l u s_{m} a t h b f s m a t h c a l E_{m} a t h b f s

of all such algebras.

Review text

In these notes the authors continue their study on quantum toroidal algebras associated with the Lie superalgebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n}\) initiated in [\textit{L. Bezerra} and \textit{E. Mukhin}, Algebr. Represent. Theory 24, No. 2, 541--564 (2021; Zbl 1486.17023)]. In classical Lie theory, simple complex Lie algebras \(\mathfrak{g}\) can be presented by generators and relations be means of root systems, Cartan matrices and Dynkin diagrams. These objects are uniquely defined (up to isomorphism) once a Cartan subalgebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\) is fixed. In the case of Lie superalgebras, the different choices of Cartan subalgebras, and hence different root systems, Cartan matrices and Dynkin diagrams, lead to different descriptions. For the Lie superalgebra \(\mathfrak{sl}_{m|n}\), and the affine version \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{m|n}\), the different choices of root systems are parametrized by \((n+m)\)-tuples of \(\pm 1\) with exactly \(m\) positives coordinates. The set of such tuples is denoted by \(\mathcal{S}_{m|n}\) and an element \(\mathbf{s}=(s_{1},\ldots ,s_{n+m}) \in \mathcal{S}_{m|n}\) is called a parity sequence. The sequence \((1,\ldots, 1, -1,\ldots ,-1)\) is called the standard one. Write \(N=m+n\), \(I=\{1,\ldots, N-1\}\) and \(\hat{I}=\{0,1,\ldots ,N-1 \}\). The Cartan matrix \(\mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{s}} = \big(\mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{s}}_{i,j}\big)_{i,j\in I}\) and the affine Cartan matrix \(\hat{\mathbf{A}}^{\mathbf{s}} = \big(\mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{s}}_{i,j}\big)_{i,j\in \hat{I}}\) are given by \[ \mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{s}}_{i,j}= (s_{i}+ s_{i+1})\delta_{i,j} - s_{i}\delta_{i,j+1}-s_{j}\delta_{i+1,j}\qquad \text{ for all }i,j\in \hat{I} \] The Lie superalgebra corresponding to the Cartan matrix \(\mathbf{A}^{\mathbf{s}}\) (and the parity \(\mathbf{s}\)) is denoted by \(\mathfrak{sl}_{\mathbf{s}}\). It turns out that the superalgebras \(\mathfrak{sl}_{\mathbf{s}}\) are all isomorphic to \(\mathfrak{sl}_{m|n}\) and all \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\) are isomorphic to \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{m|n}\) for all parity sequences \(\mathbf{s}\). As usual, the quantum analogues \(U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\) related to the affine superalgebras \(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\) are associative algebras presented by generators and relations. Here, the authors describe two realizations, the \textit{Drinfeld-Jimbo} realization and the \textit{new Drinfeld} realization and give the corresponding isomorphism. The quantum toroidal algebras \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\) associated with the Lie superalgebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_{m|n}\) and the parity sequence \(\mathbf{s}\) are unital associative superalgebras that are presented by generators and relations in a similar way to that of \(U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\). It is proved that there exists injective homomorphisms of superalgebras \(v_{\mathbf{s}}:U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\to \mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\) and \(h_{\mathbf{s}}:U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\to \mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\) (in this case for generic values on the defining parameters of \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\)). The image of such maps are called the vertical and horizontal subalgebras \(U^{ver}_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\) and \(U^{hor}_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\), respectively, and it turns out that \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\) is generated by them. By means of the action of the toroidal braid group on \(\mathcal{E}_{\bullet} = \bigoplus_{\mathbf{s}} \mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\), the authors prove that the quantum toroidal algebras \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\) associated with different root systems are isomorphic. As a byproduct, they show the existence of a Miki automorphism of \(\mathcal{E}_{\mathbf{s}}\), which exchanges the vertical and horizontal subalgebras. The paper is well-written and almost all computations are explicitly described. It ends with an appendix which includes another action of the braid group of finite type \(A\) on a suitable complation of \(U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\bullet} = \bigoplus_{\mathbf{s}} U_{q}\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{\mathbf{s}}\).

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