L^2-hypocoercivity and large time asymptotics of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system

DOI10.1007/S10955-021-02784-4MaRDI QIDQ2046497zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Lanoir Addala, Jean Dolbeault, Xingyu Li, Mohamed Lazhar Tayeb

Publication date 18 August 2021

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.12762

Abstract: This paper is devoted to the linearized Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system in presence of an external potential of confinement. We investigate the large time behaviour of the solutions using hypocoercivity methods and a notion of scalar product adapted to the presence of a Poisson coupling. Our framework provides estimates which are uniform in the diffusion limit. As an application in a simple case, we study the one-dimensional case and prove the exponential convergence of the nonlinear Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system without any small mass assumption.

Review text

The purpose of this work is to study the behavior of the distribution function of charged particles \(f_{cp}(r_{cp},v_{cp},t)\) at large times. The study is carried out within the framework of the Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system of equations: \[ \begin{gathered} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} f_{cp}+ \vec{v}_{cp}\cdot\nabla_r f_{cp}- \frac{1}{m_{cp}} \nabla_r[\Phi+ eZ\psi(\vec{r}_{cp})]\cdot\nabla_V f_{cp}= D_{\Delta V}f_{cp}+A\nabla_V\cdot(\vec{v}_{cp} f_{cp}),\\ \iiint f_{cp}d^3 v_{cp}=n_{cp}. \end{gathered}\tag{1} \] The Poisson equation for the electrical potential \(\Phi(r_{cp})\) are used in the next form: \[ \Delta_r\Phi=- eZ\iiint f_{cp} d^3v_{cp}/\varepsilon_0.\tag{2} \] Here \(D= \frac{k_BT}{m_{cp}} v\), \(A= v= \sqrt{\frac{k_B T}{m_{cp}}} n_{cp}\langle Q_{cp^0}\rangle\), \(\langle Q_{cp^0}\rangle\) is the average cross section of elastic scatterings of charged particles on background particles, \(\varepsilon_0\) is the vacuum permittivity, the rest of the designations are well known. The system of equations (1), (2) describe the charged particles' evolution under the influence of a self-consistent, nonlinear interaction through the mean field potential \(\Phi\) and collisions with a background. The collision integral, written in the Fokker-Planck approximation, takes into account diffusion in velocity space and friction. The nonlinear system of equations (1), (2) has a unique stationary solution: \[ \begin{gathered} f_s(r_{cp},v_{cp})= f_{s1}(r_{cp})f_{s2}(v_{cp}),\\ f_{s1}(\vec{r}_{cp})= \exp\biggl[-\frac{\Phi+eZ\psi_0}{k_BT}\biggr],\ f_{s2}(\vec{v}_{cp})= n_{cp} \exp\biggl[-\frac{m_{cp}\vec{v}^2_{cp}}{k_BT}\biggr].\\ \Delta\psi_0= eZn_{cp}\exp\biggl[-\frac{\Phi+ eZ\psi_0}{k_BT}\biggr]/\varepsilon_0. \end{gathered}\tag{3} \] When the non-stationary distribution function is represented as \[ f_{cp}(r_{cp}, v_{cp},t)= f_s(1+\eta f_1(r_{cp}, v_{cp},t)),\ \psi(r_{cp},t)= \psi_0+ \eta\psi(r_{cp}, t),\quad \eta<1, \] the large-time behavior of the charged particles distribution function is investigated using the linearized Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system: \[ \begin{gathered} \frac{\partial}{\partial t} f_1+ \vec{v}_{cp}\cdot\nabla_r f_1- \frac{1}{m_{cp}} \nabla_r[\Phi+ eZ\psi_0]\cdot\nabla_V f_1-\vec{v}_{cp}\frac{eZ}{k_BT} \nabla_r\psi_1= D\Delta_V f_1+ A\nabla_V(\vec{v}_{cp} f_1),\\ \Delta_r\psi_1= eZ\iiint f_s f_1 d^3v_{cp}/\varepsilon_0. \end{gathered}\tag{4} \] This system of equations has one characteristic length equal to the Debye radius \(r_D=\sqrt{\frac{\varepsilon_0 k_B T}{n_{cp} e^2Z}}\) and three characteristic time scales: \[ t_1\equiv 1/v= 1/\sqrt{\frac{k_BT}{m_{cp}}} n_{cp}\langle Q_{cp0}\rangle\ll t_2= \mathrm{Max}[\Phi(r_D)= eZ\psi_0(r_D)]/r_D m_{cp} \sqrt{\frac{k_BT}{m_{cp}}}\ll t_3= \frac{t^2_2}{t_1}. \] By introducing dimensionless parameters \[ r'=r/r_D,\ \Phi'(r)= \Phi(r)/eZ\psi_0(r_D),\ v'=v/\sqrt{\frac{k_BT}{m_{cp}}},\ t'=t/t_3, \] it is possible to write the system of equations (4) in a dimensionless form containing a small parameter \(\varepsilon\ll 1\): \[ \begin{gathered} \varepsilon\frac{\partial}{\partial t'} f_1+\vec{v}'\cdot \nabla_r' f_1- \nabla_r'[\Phi'+ \psi_0']\cdot\nabla_v' f_1- \vec{v}'\cdot\nabla_r'\psi_1'= \frac{1}{\varepsilon}[\Delta_V'f_1+ \nabla_V'\cdot(\vec{v}'f_1)],\\ \Delta_r' \psi_1'=- \iiint f_s f_1 d^3v_{cp}/n_{cp}. \end{gathered}\tag{5} \] The authors prove the main result of this works (Theorem 1) using the diffusion limit of the linearized system (5). When \(d\ge 1\), \(\Phi(r)= |r|^\alpha\), \(\alpha>0\) the behavior of the distribution function of charged particles \(f_1(r_{cp}, v_{cp}, t)\) at large times is \[ \begin{gathered} \Vert f_1(\vec{r}_{cp}, \vec{v}_{cp},t)\Vert^2\le C\Vert f_1(\vec{r}_{cp}, \vec{v}_{cp}, t=0)\Vert^2\, e^{-\lambda t},\ t\ge 0,\\ \Vert f_1(\vec{r}_{cp}, \vec{v}_{cp}, t)\Vert^2= \iint f_1 f_s d\vec{r}\,d\vec{v}_{cp}+ \int|\nabla_r \psi_1|^2 d\vec{r},\ \lambda>0,\ C\approx 1. \end{gathered}\tag{6} \] Here another important result of this works is Theorem 2. It are proved, if conditions are met: \(d\ge 1\), \(\Phi(r)= |r|^\alpha\), \(\alpha>0\) an initial datum \(f_1(r_{cp}, v_{cp}, t=0)\) of zero average, and \(\Vert f_1(\vec{r}_{cp}, \vec{v}_{cp}, t=0)\Vert^2<\infty\). The theorem states: the behavior of the distribution function of charged particles \(f_1(r_{cp},v_{cp},t)\) at large times satisfies to inequality (6) for any \(\varepsilon>0\), and there exist two constants \(\lambda>0\) and \(C>1\), which do not depend on \(\varepsilon\). Unfortunately, the authors do not obtain a more specific estimate of the damping decrements in inequality (6) \(\lambda\). More accurate decrement estimates can be made based on heuristic and physical considerations. If inequality \(\Phi(r_D)< eZ\psi_0(r_D)\) holds, then the damping decrements in inequality (6) in dimensional form have the form: \[ \lambda_1\approx v,\ \lambda_2\approx \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2e^2_L}}\,\omega_{cp}. \] Here \(\omega_{cp}= \sqrt{\frac{n_{cp}(eZ)^2}{\varepsilon_0 m_{cp}}}\) is the plasma oscillation frequency, \(e_L\) is the base of natural logarithms.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(23)

This page was built for publication: \(\mathrm{L}^2\)-hypocoercivity and large time asymptotics of the linearized Vlasov-Poisson-Fokker-Planck system

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2046497)