Asymptotics of greedy energy sequences on the unit circle and the sphere

Abstract: For a parameter

l a m b d a > 0

, we investigate greedy

l a m b d a

-energy sequences

(a_{n})_{n = 0}^{i n f t y}

on the unit sphere

S^{d} s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{d + 1}

,

d g e q 1

, satisfying the defining property that each

a_{n}

,

n g e q 1

, is a point where the potential

s u m_{k = 0}^{n - 1} | x - a_{k} |^{l a m b d a}

attains its maximum value on

S^{d}

. We show that these sequences satisfy the symmetry property

a_{2 k + 1} = - a_{2 k}

for every

k g e q 0

. The asymptotic distribution of the sequence undergoes a sharp transition at the value

l a m b d a = 2

, from uniform distribution (

l a m b d a < 2

) to concentration on two antipodal points (

l a m b d a > 2

). We investigate first-order and second-order asymptotics of the

l a m b d a

-energy of the first

N

points of the sequence, as well as the asymptotic behavior of the extremal values

s u m_{k = 0}^{n - 1} | a_{n} - a_{k} |^{l a m b d a}

. The second-order asymptotics is analyzed on the unit circle. It is shown that this asymptotic behavior differs significantly from that of

N

equally spaced points on the unit circle, and a transition in the behavior takes place at

l a m b d a = 1

.

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