Game-theoretic upper expectations for discrete-time finite-state uncertain processes

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2021.125399zbMATH Open1468.60006arXiv2008.03133OpenAlexW3169101744MaRDI QIDQ2050862FDOQ2050862

Authors: Natan T'Joens, Jasper De Bock, Gert De Cooman 

Publication date: 1 September 2021

Published in: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Game-theoretic upper expectations are joint (global) probability models that mathematically describe the behaviour of uncertain processes in terms of supermartingales; capital processes corresponding to available betting strategies. Compared to (the more common) measure-theoretic expectation functionals, they are not bounded to restrictive assumptions such as measurability or precision, yet succeed in preserving, or even generalising many of their fundamental properties. We focus on a discrete-time setting where local state spaces are finite and, in this specific context, build on the existing work of Shafer and Vovk; the main developers of the framework of game-theoretic upper expectations. In a first part, we study Shafer and Vovk's characterisation of a local upper expectation and show how it is related to Walley's behavioural notion of coherence. The second part consists in a study of game-theoretic upper expectations on a more global level, where several alternative definitions, as well as a broad range of properties are derived, e.g. the law of iterated upper expectations, compatibility with local models, coherence properties,... Our main contribution, however, concerns the continuity behaviour of these operators. We prove continuity with respect to non-increasing sequences of so-called lower cuts and continuity with respect to non-increasing sequences of finitary functions. We moreover show that the game-theoretic upper expectation is uniquely determined by its values on the domain of bounded below limits of finitary functions, and additionally show that, for any such limit, the limiting sequence can be constructed in such a way that the game-theoretic upper expectation is continuous with respect to this particular sequence.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.03133

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zbMATH Keywords

coherencegame-theoretic probabilityfinitary functionupper expectationcontinuity properties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Axioms; other general questions in probability (60A05) Stochastic processes (60G99) Probabilistic games; gambling (91A60)

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Cited In (4)

• On the (dis)similarities between stationary imprecise and non-stationary precise uncertainty models in algorithmic randomness
• Imprecision in martingale- and test-theoretic prequential randomness
• A particular upper expectation as global belief model for discrete-time finite-state uncertain processes
• Randomness is inherently imprecise

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