Fundamental groups in projective knot theory

Publication date: 3 December 2021

Abstract: In this paper, properties of a link

L

in the projective space

m a t h b b R P^{3}

are related to properties of its group

p i_{1} (m a t h b b R P^{3} s m a l l s e t m i n u s L)

:

L

is isotopic to a projective line if and only if

p i_{1} (m a t h b b R P^{3} s m a l l s e t m i n u s L) = m a t h b b Z

.

L

is isotopic to an affine circle if and only if

p i_{1} (m a t h b b R P^{3} s m a l l s e t m i n u s L) = m a t h b b Z * m a t h b b Z_{/ 2}

.

L

is isotopic to a link disjoint from a projective plane if and only if

p i_{1} (m a t h b b R P^{3} s m a l l s e t m i n u s L)

contains a non-trivial element of order two. A simple algorithm which finds a system of generators and relations for

p i_{1} (m a t h b b R P^{3} s m a l l s e t m i n u s L)

in terms of a link diagram of

L

is provided.

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