Translationally invariant universal quantum Hamiltonians in 1D

DOI10.1007/S00023-021-01111-7MaRDI QIDQ2068372zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Tamara Kohler, Stephen Piddock, Johannes Bausch, Toby Cubitt

Publication date 19 January 2022

Published in Annales Henri Poincaré (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13753

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum algorithms and complexity in the theory of computing (68Q12) Quantum computation (81P68) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: Recent work has characterised rigorously what it means for one quantum system to simulate another, and demonstrated the existence of universal Hamiltonians -- simple spin lattice Hamiltonians that can replicate the entire physics of any other quantum many body system. Previous universality results have required proofs involving complicated `chains' of perturbative `gadgets'. In this paper, we derive a significantly simpler and more powerful method of proving universality of Hamiltonians, directly leveraging the ability to encode quantum computation into ground states. This provides new insight into the origins of universal models, and suggests a deep connection between universality and complexity. We apply this new approach to show that there are universal models even in translationally invariant spin chains in 1D. This gives as a corollary a new Hamiltonian complexity result, that the local Hamiltonian problem for translationally-invariant spin chains in one dimension with an exponentially-small promise gap is PSPACE-complete. Finally, we use these new universal models to construct the first known toy model of 2D--1D holographic duality between local Hamiltonians.

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Cited in

(7)

• The complexity of translationally invariant spin chains with low local dimension
• Holographic duality between local Hamiltonians from random tensor networks
• Translationally invariant universal classical Hamiltonians
• Universal qudit Hamiltonians
• Universal quantum Hamiltonians
• Universal resources for quantum computing
• Security of quantum position-verification limits Hamiltonian simulation via holography

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