On minima of sum of theta functions and application to Mueller-Ho conjecture

DOI10.1007/S00205-021-01725-5zbMATH Open1489.82014OpenAlexW3216915741WikidataQ113906098 ScholiaQ113906098MaRDI QIDQ2069720FDOQ2069720

Authors: Senping Luo, Juncheng Wei 

Publication date: 21 January 2022

Published in: Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $z=x+iyinmathbbH:=z=x+iyinmathbbC:y>0$ and $heta(s;z)=su{m}_{(m,n)inmathbb{Z}^2}{e}^{-sfracpiy|mz+n{|}^2}$ be the theta function associated with the lattice $Lambda=mathbbZopluszmathbbZ$. In this paper we consider the following pair of minimization problems ${\displaystyle }$ min_{ mathbb{H} } heta (2;frac{z+1}{2})+ ho heta (1;z),;; hoin[0,infty),${\displaystyle }$ ${\displaystyle }$ min_{ mathbb{H} } heta (1; frac{z+1}{2})+ ho heta (2; z),;; hoin[0,infty),${\displaystyle }$ where the parameter $hoin[0,infty)$ represents the competition of two intertwining lattices. We find that as $ho$ varies the optimal lattices admit a novel pattern: they move from rectangular (the ratio of long and short side changes from $sqrt3$ to 1), square, rhombus (the angle changes from $pi/2$ to $pi/3$) to hexagonal; furthermore, there exists a closed interval of $ho$ such that the optimal lattices is always square lattice. This is in sharp contrast to optimal lattice shapes for single theta function ($ho=infty$ case), for which the hexagonal lattice prevails. As a consequence, we give a partial answer to optimal lattice arrangements of vortices in competing systems of Bose-Einstein condensates as conjectured (and numerically and experimentally verified) by Mueller-Ho cite{Mue2002}.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13882

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zbMATH Keywords

minimization problemsintertwining lattices

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Elliptic functions and integrals (33E05) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Lattices and convex bodies (number-theoretic aspects) (11H06) Theta series; Weil representation; theta correspondences (11F27)

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Cited In (7)

• On lattice hexagonal crystallization for non-monotone potentials
• ON A LATTICE GENERALISATION OF THE LOGARITHM AND A DEFORMATION OF THE DEDEKIND ETA FUNCTION
• On minima of difference of theta functions and application to hexagonal crystallization
• Theta functions and optimal lattices for a grid cells model
• Maximal theta functions universal optimality of the hexagonal lattice for Madelung-like lattice energies
• Dimension reduction techniques for the minimization of theta functions on lattices
• Minimal soft lattice theta functions

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