Statistics of the first Galois cohomology group: a refinement of Malle's conjecture

DOI10.2140/ANT.2021.15.2513zbMATH Open1498.11219arXiv1907.06289OpenAlexW4211107661MaRDI QIDQ2077145FDOQ2077145

Brandon Alberts

Publication date: 24 February 2022

Published in: Algebra \& Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Malle proposed a conjecture for counting the number of $G$-extensions $L/K$ with discriminant bounded above by $X$, denoted $N(K,G;X)$, where $G$ is a fixed transitive subgroup $Gsubset{S}_n$ and $X$ tends towards infinity. We introduce a refinement of Malle's conjecture, if $G$ is a group with a nontrivial Galois action then we consider the set of crossed homomorphisms in $Z^1(K,G)$ (or equivalently $1$-coclasses in $H^1(K,G)$) with bounded discriminant. This has a natural interpretation given by counting $G$-extensions $F/L$ for some fixed $L$ and prescribed extension class $F/L/K$. If $T$ is an abelian group with any Galois action, we compute the asymptotic growth rate of this refined counting function for $Z^1(K,T)$ (and equivalently for $H^1(K,T)$) and show that it is a natural generalization of Malle's conjecture. The proof technique is in essence an application of a theorem of Wiles on generalized Selmer groups, and additionally gives the asymptotic main term when restricted to certain local behaviors. As a consequence, whenever the inverse Galois problem is solved for $Gsubset{S}_n$ over $K$ and $G$ has an abelian normal subgroup $TrianglelefteqG$ we prove a nontrivial lower bound for $N(K,G;X)$ given by a nonzero power of $X$ times a power of $logX$. For many groups, including many solvable groups, these are the first known nontrivial lower bounds. These bounds prove Malle's predicted lower bounds for a large family of groups, and for an infinite subfamily they generalize Kl"uners' counter example to Malle's conjecture and verify the corrected lower bounds predicted by T"urkelli.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06289

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic statisticscrossed homomorphismsfirst cohomology groupMalle-Bhargava principleMalle's conjectureWiles' theorem

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois theory (11R32) Other number fields (11R21) Galois cohomology (11R34)

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Cited In (7)

• Heights on stacks and a generalized Batyrev–Manin–Malle conjecture
• On Malle’s conjecture for nilpotent groups
• Idélic approach in enumerating Heisenberg extensions
• Power-saving error terms for the number of \(D_4\)-quartic extensions over a number field ordered by discriminant
• Harmonic analysis and statistics of the first Galois cohomology group
• Torsors for finite group schemes of bounded height
• The weak form of Malle's conjecture and solvable groups

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