On the second variation of the biharmonic Clifford torus in S^4

DOI10.1007/S10455-022-09869-7zbMATH Open1498.58014arXiv2201.10415OpenAlexW4294281469WikidataQ114227703 ScholiaQ114227703MaRDI QIDQ2084899FDOQ2084899

Authors: Stefano Montaldo, Cezar Oniciuc, Andrea Ratto

Publication date: 13 October 2022

Published in: Annals of Global Analysis and Geometry (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The flat torus

m a t h b b T = {m a t h b b S}^{1} l e f t (f r a c 12 i g h t) i m e s {m a t h b b S}^{1} l e f t (f r a c 12 i g h t)

admits a proper biharmonic isometric immersion into the unit

4

-dimensional sphere

{m a t h b b S}^{4}

given by

P h i = i c i r c v a r p h i

, where

v a r p h i : m a t h b b T o {m a t h b b S}^{3} (f r a c 1 s q r t 2)

is the minimal Clifford torus and

i : {m a t h b b S}^{3} (f r a c 1 s q r t 2) o {m a t h b b S}^{4}

is the biharmonic small hypersphere. The first goal of this paper is to compute the biharmonic index and nullity of the proper biharmonic immersion

P h i

. After, we shall study in the detail the kernel of the generalised Jacobi operator

I_{2}^{P} h i

. We shall prove that it contains a direction which admits a natural variation with vanishing first, second and third derivatives, and such that the fourth derivative is negative. In the second part of the paper we shall analyse the specific contribution of