Competition, trait variance dynamics, and the evolution of a species' range
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Publication:2113597
Abstract: Geographic ranges of communities of species evolve in response to environmental, ecological, and evolutionary forces. Understanding the effects of these forces on species' range dynamics is a major goal of spatial ecology. Previous mathematical models have jointly captured the dynamic changes in species' population distributions and the selective evolution of fitness-related phenotypic traits in the presence of an environmental gradient. These models inevitably include some unrealistic assumptions, and biologically reasonable ranges of values for their parameters are not easy to specify. As a result, simulations of the seminal models of this type can lead to markedly different conclusions about the behavior of such populations, including the possibility of maladaptation setting stable range boundaries. Here, we harmonize such results by developing and simulating a continuum model of range evolution in a community of species that interact competitively while diffusing over an environmental gradient. Our model extends existing models by incorporating both competition and freely changing intraspecific trait variance. Simulations of this model predict a spatial profile of species' trait variance that is consistent with experimental measurements available in the literature. Moreover, they reaffirm interspecific competition as an effective factor in limiting species' ranges, even when trait variance is not artificially constrained. These theoretical results can inform the design of, as yet rare, empirical studies to clarify the evolutionary causes of range stabilization.
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Cited in
(10)- Local adaptation and the evolution of species' ranges under climate change
- The distribution of positive and negative species interactions across environmental gradients on a dual-lattice model
- Competition may determine the diversity of transposable elements
- How the resource supply distribution structures competitive communities
- The limitation of species range: a consequence of searching along resource gradients
- Quasi-stationary distribution of a prey-predator model driven by demographic stochasticity
- Coexistence in a variable environment: eco-evolutionary perspectives
- Limiting similarity, species packing, and the shape of competition kernels
- The evolution of thermal performance can constrain dispersal during range shifting
- The shape of the competition and carrying capacity kernels affects the likelihood of disruptive selection
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