The stable trapping phenomenon for black strings and black rings and its obstructions on the decay of linear waves

DOI10.2140/APDE.2021.14.2427zbMATH Open1490.35491OpenAlexW2890727957WikidataQ114045442 ScholiaQ114045442MaRDI QIDQ2116214FDOQ2116214

Authors Gabriele Benomio 

Publication date 16 March 2022

Published in Analysis \& PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.07795

zbMATH Keywords

wave equationinstabilityblack ringsstable trapping

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Wave equation (35L05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Black holes (83C57) Einstein equations (35Q76)

Abstract: The geometry of solutions to the higher dimensional Einstein vacuum equations presents aspects that are absent in four dimensions, one of the most remarkable being the existence of stably trapped null geodesics in the exterior of asymptotically flat black holes. This paper investigates the stable trapping phenomenon for two families of higher dimensional black holes, namely black strings and black rings, and how this trapping structure is responsible for the slow decay of linear waves on their exterior. More precisely, we study decay properties for the energy of solutions to the scalar, linear wave equation $Bo{x}_{g_{extupring}}Psi=0$, where $g_{extupring}$ is the metric of a fixed black ring solution to the five-dimensional Einstein vacuum equations. For a class $mathfrakg$ of black ring metrics, we prove a logarithmic lower bound for the uniform energy decay rate on the black ring exterior $(mathcalD,g_{extupring})$, with $g_{extupring}inmathfrakg$. The proof generalizes the perturbation argument and quasimode construction of Holzegel--Smulevici cite{SharpLogHolz} to the case of a non-separable wave equation and crucially relies on the presence of stably trapped null geodesics on $mathcalD$. As a by-product, the same logarithmic lower bound can be established for any five-dimensional black string. Our result is the first mathematically rigorous statement supporting the expectation that black rings are dynamically unstable to generic perturbations. In particular, we conjecture a new extit{nonlinear} instability for five-dimensional black strings and thin black rings which is already present at the level of scalar perturbations and clearly differs from the mechanism driven by the well-known Gregory--Laflamme instability.

Recommendations

• Decay of linear waves on higher-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes
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Cited In (12)

• Wave propagation on microstate geometries
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• The trapping effect on degenerate horizons

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