Asymptotic topological regularity of CAT(0) spaces
Let \(\mathcal{C}\) denote the collection of \(\mathsf{CAT}(0)\)-spaces \(X\) which are proper, geodesically complete and purely \(n\)-dimensional (that is, \(X\) coincides with the set of its points such that all sufficiently small metric balls have topological dimension \(n\)). For each \(X\in \mathcal{C}\) and \(p\in X\) let \[ \mathcal{G}_0^n(X):=\limsup_{t\to \infty} \frac{\mathcal{H}^n(U_t(p))}{\omega_{0}^n(t)}, \] called the upper \(n\)-dimensional Euclidean growth of \(X\), where \(\omega_{0}^n(t)\) is the \(n\)-Hausdorff measure of a metric ball of radius \(t\) in the \(n\)-Euclidean space, and \(\mathcal{H}^n(U_r(p))\) is the \(n\)-Hausdorff measure of the metric ball \(U_t(p)\) of radius \(t\) centered at \(p\) in \(X\). The main results of the article are the following: \begin{itemize} \item[1.] A \textbf{stability-type theorem of asymptoptic topological regularity}: For every \(\varepsilon\in (0,\infty)\) and every \(n\in \mathbb{N}\), there exists \(\delta \in (0,\infty)\) satisfying the following property: If \(X\in \mathcal{C}\) satisfies that \(\mathcal{G}_{0}^n(X)<1+\delta\), then \(X\) is \((1+\varepsilon)\)-biLipschitz homeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \item[2.] A \textbf{gap-type theorem}: If \(X\in \mathcal{C}\) satisfies \(\mathcal{G}_{0}^n(X)<3/2\), then it is homeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \item[3.] A corresponding \textbf{rigidity statement}: If \(X\in \mathcal{C}\) satisfies \(\mathcal{G}_{0}^n(X)=3/2\), then \(X\) is either homeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^n\) or isometric to the \(l^2\)-product \(\mathbb{R}^{n-1}\times \mathsf{Cone}(T)\), where \(T\) is the discrete space of three points with pairwise distance equal to \(\pi\). \item[4.] A result on regularity of \(\mathsf{CAT}(0)\) homology manifolds: For every \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), there exists \(\delta\in(0,\infty)\) with the following property: If \(X\in\mathcal{C}\) is a homology manifold with \(\mathcal{G}_{0}^n(X)<3/2 +\delta\), then \(X\) is homeomorphic to \(\mathbb{R}^n\). \end{itemize}
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