Coercivity, essential norms, and the Galerkin method for second-kind integral equations on polyhedral and Lipschitz domains

DOI10.1007/S00211-021-01256-XzbMATH Open1486.31004arXiv2105.11383OpenAlexW3164464322MaRDI QIDQ2117300FDOQ2117300

Simon N. Chandler-Wilde, E. A. Spence

Publication date: 21 March 2022

Published in: Numerische Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: It is well known that, with a particular choice of norm, the classical double-layer potential operator $D$ has essential norm $<1/2$ as an operator on the natural trace space $H^{1/2}(Gamma)$ whenever $Gamma$ is the boundary of a bounded Lipschitz domain. This implies, for the standard second-kind boundary integral equations for the interior and exterior Dirichlet and Neumann problems in potential theory, convergence of the Galerkin method in $H^{1/2}(Gamma)$ for any sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces $(mathcal{H}_N{)}_{N=1}^{i}nfty$ that is asymptotically dense in $H^{1/2}(Gamma)$. Long-standing open questions are whether the essential norm is also $<1/2$ for $D$ as an operator on $L^2(Gamma)$ for all Lipschitz $Gamma$ in 2-d; or whether, for all Lipschitz $Gamma$ in 2-d and 3-d, or at least for the smaller class of Lipschitz polyhedra in 3-d, the weaker condition holds that the operators $pmfrac12I+D$ are compact perturbations of coercive operators -- this a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the Galerkin method for every sequence of subspaces $(mathcal{H}_N{)}_{N=1}^{i}nfty$ that is asymptotically dense in $L^2(Gamma)$. We settle these open questions negatively. We give examples of 2-d and 3-d Lipschitz domains with Lipschitz constant equal to one for which the essential norm of $D$ is $geq1/2$, and examples with Lipschitz constant two for which the operators $pmfrac12I+D$ are not coercive plus compact. We also give, for every $C>0$, examples of Lipschitz polyhedra for which the essential norm is $geqC$ and for which $lambdaI+D$ is not a compact perturbation of a coercive operator for any real or complex $lambda$ with $|lambda|leqC$. Finally, we resolve negatively a related open question in the convergence theory for collocation methods.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.11383

zbMATH Keywords

Galerkin methodDirichlet problem for the Laplaciandouble-layer operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical methods for integral equations (65R20) Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods in higher dimensions (31B10) Fredholm integral equations (45B05) Theoretical approximation of solutions to integral equations (45L05) Integral representations, integral operators, integral equations methods in two dimensions (31A10)

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Cited In (4)

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• Coercive second-kind boundary integral equations for the Laplace Dirichlet problem on Lipschitz domains
• On the spectrum of the double-layer operator on locally-dilation-invariant Lipschitz domains
• Recent Advances in Acoustic Boundary Element Methods

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