Coercivity, essential norms, and the Galerkin method for second-kind integral equations on polyhedral and Lipschitz domains

is the boundary of a bounded Lipschitz domain. This implies, for the standard second-kind boundary integral equations for the interior and exterior Dirichlet and Neumann problems in potential theory, convergence of the Galerkin method in

H^{1 / 2} (G a m m a)

for any sequence of finite-dimensional subspaces

(m a t h c a l H_{N})_{N = 1}^{i} n f t y

that is asymptotically dense in

H^{1 / 2} (G a m m a)

. Long-standing open questions are whether the essential norm is also

< 1 / 2

for

D

as an operator on

L^{2} (G a m m a)

for all Lipschitz

G a m m a

in 2-d; or whether, for all Lipschitz

G a m m a

in 2-d and 3-d, or at least for the smaller class of Lipschitz polyhedra in 3-d, the weaker condition holds that the operators

p m f r a c 12 I + D

are compact perturbations of coercive operators -- this a necessary and sufficient condition for the convergence of the Galerkin method for every sequence of subspaces

(m a t h c a l H_{N})_{N = 1}^{i} n f t y

that is asymptotically dense in

L^{2} (G a m m a)

. We settle these open questions negatively. We give examples of 2-d and 3-d Lipschitz domains with Lipschitz constant equal to one for which the essential norm of

D

is

g e q 1 / 2

, and examples with Lipschitz constant two for which the operators

p m f r a c 12 I + D

are not coercive plus compact. We also give, for every

C > 0

, examples of Lipschitz polyhedra for which the essential norm is

g e q C

and for which

l a m b d a I + D

is not a compact perturbation of a coercive operator for any real or complex

l a m b d a

with

| l a m b d a | l e q C

. Finally, we resolve negatively a related open question in the convergence theory for collocation methods.

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