Measurements of quantum Hamiltonians with locally-biased classical shadows

DOI10.1007/S00220-022-04343-8MaRDI QIDQ2124207zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Charles Hadfield, Sergey Bravyi, Rudy Raymond, Antonio Mezzacapo

Publication date 19 April 2022

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.15788

zbMATH Keywords

quantum Hamiltoniansvariational quantum algorithms

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22) Convex programming (90C25) Combinatorial optimization (90C27)

Abstract: Obtaining precise estimates of quantum observables is a crucial step of variational quantum algorithms. We consider the problem of estimating expectation values of molecular Hamiltonians, obtained on states prepared on a quantum computer. We propose a novel estimator for this task, which is locally optimised with knowledge of the Hamiltonian and a classical approximation to the underlying quantum state. Our estimator is based on the concept of classical shadows of a quantum state, and has the important property of not adding to the circuit depth for the state preparation. We test its performance numerically for molecular Hamiltonians of increasing size, finding a sizable reduction in variance with respect to current measurement protocols that do not increase circuit depths.

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Cites work

• A tutorial on geometric programming
• A tutorial on the cross-entropy method
• An upper bound for the chromatic number of a graph and its application to timetabling problems
• Approximation algorithms for quantum many-body problems

Cited in

(4)

• Monitoring energy drift with shadow Hamiltonians
• Matchgate shadows for fermionic quantum simulation
• NISQ algorithm for the matrix elements of a generic observable
• Classical shadows meet quantum optimal mass transport

Describes a project that uses

Uses Software

• QISKit

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