Lower bounds for regular genus and gem-complexity of PL 4-manifolds with boundary

DOI10.1515/FORUM-2020-0093MaRDI QIDQ2126281zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 19 April 2022

Published in Forum Mathematicum (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00435

crystallization gem-complexity PL 4-manifold with boundary regular genus

Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15) Invariants of 4-manifolds (including Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten invariants) (57K41) General topology of complexes (57Q05) Triangulating manifolds (57Q15)

Abstract: Let

M

be a connected compact PL 4-manifold with boundary. In this article, we have given several lower bounds for regular genus and gem-complexity of the manifold

M

. In particular, we have proved that if

M

is a connected compact

4

-manifold with

h

boundary components then its gem-complexity

m a t h i t k (M)

satisfies the following inequalities:

mathit{k}(M)geq 3chi(M)+7m+7h-10 mbox{ and }mathit{k}(M)geq mathit{k}(partial M)+3chi(M)+4m+6h-9,

and its regular genus

m a t h c a l G (M)

satisfies the following inequalities:

mathcal{G}(M)geq 2chi(M)+3m+2h-4mbox{ and }mathcal{G}(M)geq mathcal{G}(partial M)+2chi(M)+2m+2h-4,

where

m

is the rank of the fundamental group of the manifold

M

. These lower bounds enable to strictly improve previously known estimations for regular genus and gem-complexity of a PL

4

-manifold with boundary. Further, the sharpness of these bounds has also been shown for a large class of PL

4

-manifolds with boundary.

Review text

A crystallization \((\Gamma, \gamma)\) of a connected compact PL \(d\)-manifold is a certain type of edge-colored graph (with \((d + 1)\) colors) which represents the manifold. Minimising the number of vertices over all crystallisations of a fixed PL manifold \(M\) yields an invariant called the \textit{gem-complexity} \(k(M)\) of \(M\). The regular genus of a crystallisation \((\Gamma,\gamma)\) is defined to be the smallest genus of a surface into which the graph \((\Gamma,\gamma)\) embeds regularly. Minimising the regular genus over all crystallisations of a fixed PL manifold \(M\) yields another invariant, denoted by \(\mathcal{G}(M)\), called the \textit{regular genus} of \(M\). The regular genus of a PL manifold is a generalisation of the concept of genus into higher dimensions: for orientable surfaces it coincides with the ordinary genus; for orientable 3-manifolds it coincides with the Heegaard genus of the manifold. \textit{B. Basak} and \textit{M. R. Casali} [Forum Math. 29, No. 4, 761--773 (2017; Zbl 1371.57020)] have established the following lower bounds in the case of closed PL 4-manifolds: If \(M\) is a closed connected PL 4-manifold then \(k(M)\geq 3 \chi(M)+10m-6\) and \(\mathcal{G}(M)\geq 2\chi(M)+5m-4\), where \(m\) is the rank of \(\pi_1(M)\). In the article under review, the authors consider PL 4-manifolds with boundaries. They show that if \(M\) is a connected compact PL 4-manifold with \(h\) boundary components, its gem-complexity \(k(M)\) and regular genus \(\mathcal{G}(M)\) satisfy the following: \begin{align*} &k(M)\geq 3\chi(M)+7m+7h-10, \\ &k(M)\geq k(\partial M)+3\chi(M)+4m+6h-9, \\ &\mathcal{G}(M) \geq 2\chi(M) + 3m + 2h - 4, \\ & \mathcal{G}(M) \geq \mathcal{G}(\partial M) + 2\chi(M) + 2m + 2h - 4, \end{align*} where \(m\) is the rank of the fundamental group of the manifold \(M\). They also show that these bounds are sharp for a large class of PL 4-manifolds with boundary.

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