Laplace contour integrals and linear differential equations

DOI10.1007/S40315-021-00397-2MaRDI QIDQ2129476zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Norbert Steinmetz

Publication date 22 April 2022

Published in Computational Methods and Function Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.07550

zbMATH Keywords

asymptotic expansiondistribution of zerosfunction of complete regular growthLaplace contour integrallinear differential equationorder of growthPhragmén-Lindelöf indicatorsub-normal solution

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear ordinary differential equations and systems in the complex domain (34M03) Entire and meromorphic solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M05) Oscillation, growth of solutions to ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M10)

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to determine the main properties of Laplace contour integrals ${\displaystyle }$Lambda(z)=frac1{2pi i}int_CCphi_L(t)e^{-zt},dt,${\displaystyle }$ that solve linear differential equations ${\displaystyle }$L[w](z):=w^{(n)}+sum_{j=0}^{n-1}(a_j+b_jz)w^{(j)}=0.${\displaystyle }$ This concerns, in particular, the order of growth, asymptotic expansions, the Phragm'en-Lindel"of indicator, the distribution of zeros, the existence of sub-normal and polynomial solutions, and the corresponding Nevanlinna functions.

Review text

The author proves that to each linear differential equation \[ L[w]:=w^{(n)}+\sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} (a_j+b_jz) w^{(j)}=0, \quad a_0+b_0z \not\equiv 0 \] there exists some distinguished Laplace contour integral solution \[ \Lambda_L(z)=\frac{1}{2 \pi i} \int\limits_{\mathfrak{C}} \phi(t) e^{-zt} dt \] with kernel \(\phi\) that is uniquely determined by the operator \(L\) and itself determines the canonical contours \(\mathfrak{C}\). The main properties of these solutions are revealed: the order of growth, the deficiency of the value zero, asymptotic expansions in particular sectors, the distribution of zeros, the Phragmén-Lindelöf indicator, the Nevanlinna functions \(T(r,\Lambda_L)\) and \(N(r,1/\Lambda_L)\).

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(11)

• The Laplace method, algebraic curves, and nonlinear equations
• Linearization: Laplace vs. Stiefel
• Generalization of the eigenvalues by contour integrals
• Differential equations with contour integrals
• Resultants and contour integrals
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• Laplace Integrals and Factorial Series in the Theory of Linear Differential and Linear Difference Equations
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