Sylvester power and weighted sums on the Frobenius set in arithmetic progression

DOI10.1016/J.DAM.2022.03.011MaRDI QIDQ2133405zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yanyan Li

Publication date 29 April 2022

Published in Discrete Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.07325

zbMATH Keywords

arithmetic sequencesFrobenius numbersFrobenius problempower sumsSylvester numbersSylvester sumsweighted sums

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) The Frobenius problem (11D07)

Abstract: Let $a_1,a_2,dots,a_k$ be positive integers with $gcd(a_1,a_2,dots,a_k)=1$. Frobenius number is the largest positive integer that is NOT representable in terms of $a_1,a_2,dots,a_k$. When $kge3$, there is no explicit formula in general, but some formulae may exist for special sequences $a_1,a_2,dots,a_k$, including, those forming arithmetic progressions and their modifications. In this paper, we give formulae for the power and weighted sum of nonrepresentable positive integers. As applications, we show explicit expressions of these sums for $a_1,a_2,dots,a_k$ forming arithmetic progressions.

Review text

Let \(a_1,\ldots,a_k\) be positive coprime integers. Denote by \(NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\) the set of positive integers without nonnegative integer representations by \(a_1,\ldots,a_k\). Suppose \(\displaystyle s_{\mu}^{(\lambda)}(a_1,\ldots,a_k)=\sum_{n\in NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)} n^{\mu}\). Then it is proved that \[s_{\mu}^{(1)}(a_1,\ldots,a_k)=\frac{1}{\mu+1}\sum_{\kappa=0}^{\mu} \binom{\mu+1}{\kappa}B_{\kappa} a_1^{\kappa-1} \sum_{i=1}^{a_1-1} m_i^{\mu+1-\kappa} +\frac{B_{\mu+1}}{\mu+1}(a_1^{\mu+1}-1),\] where \(B_{\mu}\) are Bernoulli numbers and \(m_i\) is a least positive integer such that \(m_i\equiv i \pmod {a_1}\) and \(m_i\not\in NR(a_1,\ldots,a_k)\). Also some more complicated formulas for weighted sums \(s_{\mu}^{(\lambda)}(a,a+d,\ldots,a+(k-1)d)\) are obtained.

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Cited in

(25)

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