A further study of quadratic APN permutations in dimension nine

Abstract: Recently, Beierle and Leander found two new sporadic quadratic APN permutations in dimension 9. Up to EA-equivalence, we present a single trivariate representation of those two permutations as

C_{u} c o l o n (m a t h b b F_{2^{m}})^{3} i g h t a r r o w (m a t h b b F_{2^{m}})^{3}, (x, y, z) m a p s t o (x^{3} + u y^{2} z, y^{3} + u x z^{2}, z^{3} + u x^{2} y)

, where

m = 3

and

u i n m a t h b b F_{2^{3}} s e t m i n u s 0, 1

such that the two permutations correspond to different choices of

u

. We then analyze the differential uniformity and the nonlinearity of

C_{u}

in a more general case. In particular, for

m g e q 3

being a multiple of 3 and

u i n m a t h b b F_{2^{m}}

not being a 7-th power, we show that the differential uniformity of

C_{u}

is bounded above by 8, and that the linearity of

C_{u}

is bounded above by

8^{1 + l f l o o r f r a c m 2 f l o o r}

. Based on numerical experiments, we conjecture that

C_{u}

is not APN if

m

is greater than

3

. We also analyze the CCZ-equivalence classes of the quadratic APN permutations in dimension 9 known so far and derive a lower bound on the number of their EA-equivalence classes. We further show that the two sporadic APN permutations share an interesting similarity with Gold APN permutations in odd dimension divisible by 3, namely that a permutation EA-inequivalent to those sporadic APN permutations and their inverses can be obtained by just applying EA transformations and inversion to the original permutations.

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