Gauge invariant propagators and states in quantum electrodynamics

DOI10.1016/J.AOP.2022.168898MaRDI QIDQ2144666zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jordan Wilson-Gerow, P. C. E. Stamp

Publication date 14 June 2022

Published in Annals of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.05305

zbMATH Keywords

constraintsgauge invarianceQEDpath-integralsoft photons

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum optics (81V80) Motion of charged particles (78A35) Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in quantum field theory (81T13) Electromagnetic interaction; quantum electrodynamics (81V10) Constrained dynamics, Dirac's theory of constraints (70H45) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40)

Abstract: We study gauge invariant states in QED, where states are understood in terms of data living on the boundary of gauge invariant path-integrals. This is done for both scalar and spinor QED, and for boundaries that are either time slices, or the boundaries of a 'causal diamond'. We discuss both the case where the gauge field falls off to zero at the boundaries, and the case of 'large gauge transformations', where it remains finite at the boundaries. The dynamics are discussed using the gauge-invariant propagator, describing motion of both the particles and the field between the boundaries. We demonstrate how the path-integral naturally generates a 'Coulomb-field' dressing factor for states living on time-slices, and how this is done without fixing any gauge. We show that the form of the dressing depends only on the nature of the boundaries. We also derive the analogous dressing for states defined on null infinity, showing both its Coulombic parts as well as soft-photon parts.

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Cited in

(6)

• Gauge independent logarithms from inflationary gravitons
• Gauge transformations for self/anti-self charge conjugate states
• Dressed states from gauge invariance
• A gravitationally induced decoherence model using Ashtekar variables
• The linearized gauge field propagator in an inhomogeneous medium
• Physical state for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics

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