Optimal shape of stellarators for magnetic confinement fusion

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2022.05.005zbMATH Open1491.49031arXiv2112.05049OpenAlexW4200631148MaRDI QIDQ2145835FDOQ2145835

Mario Sigalotti, Rémi Robin, Yannick Privat

Publication date: 15 June 2022

Published in: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We are interested in the design of stellarators, devices for the production of controlled nuclear fusion reactions alternative to tokamaks. The confinement of the plasma is entirely achieved by a helical magnetic field created by the complex arrangement of coils fed by high currents around a toroidal domain. Such coils describe a surface called "coil winding surface" (CWS). In this paper, we model the design of the CWS as a shape optimization problem, so that the cost functional reflects both optimal plasma confinement properties, through a least square discrepancy, and also manufacturability, thanks to geometrical terms involving the lateral surface or the curvature of the CWS. We completely analyze the resulting problem: on the one hand, we establish the existence of an optimal shape, prove the shape differentiability of the criterion, and provide the expression of the differential in a workable form. On the other hand, we propose a numerical method and perform simulations of optimal stellarator shapes. We discuss the efficiency of our approach with respect to the literature in this area.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.05049

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zbMATH Keywords

shape optimizationshape derivativeplasma physicsreachmagnetic confinementBiot and Savart operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Numerical methods for trigonometric approximation and interpolation (65T40) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Sensitivity analysis for optimization problems on manifolds (49Q12) Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25)

Cites Work

• Manifolds, tensor analysis, and applications.
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Shapes and Geometries
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On Convergence of Boundary Hausdorff Measure and Application to a Boundary Shape Optimization Problem
• Shape variation and optimization. A geometrical analysis
• Riemannian geometry and geometric analysis
• Stellarator symmetry
• The Biot-Savart operator for application to knot theory, fluid dynamics, and plasma physics
• Tangential differential calculus and functional analysis on a \(C^{1,1}\) submanifold
• Uniform ball property and existence of optimal shapes for a wide class of geometric functionals
• Estimating the reach of a manifold
• The Biot-Savart operator of a bounded domain
• L^p change of variables inequalities on manifolds

Cited In (3)

• Properties of the Biot-Savart operator acting on surface currents
• Shape optimization of harmonic helicity in toroidal domains
• Optimization of energy confinement in the \(1/\nu \) regime for stellarators

Uses Software

• MayaVi
• SciPy
• NumPy
• Matplotlib
• Mayavi
• Python
• opt_einsum

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