Three-dimensional maps and subgroup growth

Generalized hypergeometric series, ({}_pF_q) (33C20) Enumeration in graph theory (05C30) Combinatorial aspects of simplicial complexes (05E45) Fuchsian groups and their generalizations (group-theoretic aspects) (20H10) Enumerative problems (combinatorial problems) in algebraic geometry (14N10) Subgroup theorems; subgroup growth (20E07)

Abstract: In this paper we derive a generating series for the number of cellular complexes known as pavings or three-dimensional maps, on

n

darts, thus solving an analogue of Tutte's problem in dimension three. The generating series we derive also counts free subgroups of index

n

in

D e l t a^{+} = m a t h b b Z_{2} * m a t h b b Z_{2} * m a t h b b Z_{2}

via a simple bijection between pavings and finite index subgroups which can be deduced from the action of

D e l t a^{+}

on the cosets of a given subgroup. We then show that this generating series is non-holonomic. Furthermore, we provide and study the generating series for isomorphism classes of pavings, which correspond to conjugacy classes of free subgroups of finite index in

D e l t a^{+}

. Computational experiments performed with software designed by the authors provide some statistics about the topology and combinatorics of pavings on

n l e q 16

darts.

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