Towards constant-factor approximation for chordal/distance-hereditary vertex deletion

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Publication:2149107



Abstract: For a family of graphs mathcalF, Weighted mathcalF-Deletion is the problem for which the input is a vertex weighted graph G=(V,E) and the goal is to delete SsubseteqV with minimum weight such that GsetminusSinmathcalF. Designing a constant-factor approximation algorithm for large subclasses of perfect graphs has been an interesting research direction. Block graphs, 3-leaf power graphs, and interval graphs are known to admit constant-factor approximation algorithms, but the question is open for chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs. In this paper, we add one more class to this list by presenting a constant-factor approximation algorithm when F is the intersection of chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs. They are known as ptolemaic graphs and form a superset of both block graphs and 3-leaf power graphs above. Our proof presents new properties and algorithmic results on inter-clique digraphs as well as an approximation algorithm for a variant of Feedback Vertex Set that exploits this relationship (named Feedback Vertex Set with Precedence Constraints), each of which may be of independent interest.


Given a vertex-weighted graph \(G = (V, E)\) and a family of graphs \(\mathcal{F}\), the Weighted \(\mathcal{F}\)-Deletion problem asks to find a subset of vertices \(S\subseteq V\) with minimum weight such that when vertices of \(S\) are deleted, the resulting graph \(G\setminus S\) belongs to \(\mathcal{F}\). Certain graph families, namely block graphs, 3-leaf power graphs, and interval graphs, are known to admit constant-factor approximation algorithms. The authors closely investigate two additional graph families: chordal graphs and distance-hereditary graphs. A \(O(\log^2 n)\)-approximation for chordal graphs and a \(O(\log^3 n)\)-approximation for distance-hereditary graphs were presented by \textit{A. Agrawal} et al. [LIPIcs -- Leibniz Int. Proc. Inform. 116, Article 1, 15 p. (2018; Zbl 1499.68395)], but even the existence of \(O(\log n)\)-factor approximation is not known for the family of chordal graphs. This paper presents a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the intersection of chordal and distance-hereditary graphs, known as Ptolemaic graphs. They are precisely the graphs without any induced \(C_{\ge4}\) or a gem, and they form a superclass of both 3-leaf power and block graphs. The proof presents new properties and algorithmic results on inter-clique digraphs as well as an approximation algorithm for a variant of Feedback Vertex Set that exploits this relationship.



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