Analogical proportions

DOI10.1007/S10472-022-09798-YzbMATH Open1490.68175arXiv2006.02854OpenAlexW3033026946MaRDI QIDQ2149806FDOQ2149806

Authors: Christian Antić 

Publication date: 29 June 2022

Published in: Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Analogy-making is at the core of human and artificial intelligence and creativity with applications to such diverse tasks as proving mathematical theorems and building mathematical theories, common sense reasoning, learning, language acquisition, and story telling. This paper introduces from first principles an abstract algebraic framework of analogical proportions of the form `$a$ is to $b$ what $c$ is to $d$' in the general setting of universal algebra. This enables us to compare mathematical objects possibly across different domains in a uniform way which is crucial for AI-systems. It turns out that our notion of analogical proportions has appealing mathematical properties. As we construct our model from first principles using only elementary concepts of universal algebra, and since our model questions some basic properties of analogical proportions presupposed in the literature, to convince the reader of the plausibility of our model we show that it can be naturally embedded into first-order logic via model-theoretic types and prove from that perspective that analogical proportions are compatible with structure-preserving mappings. This provides conceptual evidence for its applicability. In a broader sense, this paper is a first step towards a theory of analogical reasoning and learning systems with potential applications to fundamental AI-problems like common sense reasoning and computational learning and creativity.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.02854

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zbMATH Keywords

universal algebraartificial general intelligenceanalogical reasoningcomputational learning and creativity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of universal algebra in computer science (08A70) General topics in artificial intelligence (68T01)

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Cited In (12)

• Analogy between concepts
• Boolean proportions
• Case-based prediction -- a survey
• Analogical proportions in monounary algebras
• Galois theory for analogical classifiers
• From analogical proportion to logical proportions
• A Kolmogorov complexity view of analogy: from logical modeling to experimentations
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Multiple-valued extensions of analogical proportions
• Classifying and completing word analogies by machine learning
• When intelligence is just a matter of copying
• Analogical projection in pattern perception

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