Growth of points on hyperelliptic curves over number fields

[https://duckduckgo.com/?q=MSC%2011G30%20%22Curves+of+arbitrary+genus+or+genus+%28%0D%0Ae+1%29+over+global+fields%22 Curves of arbitrary genus or genus ( e 1) over global fields (11G30)] Polynomials in general fields (irreducibility, etc.) (12E05) Algebraic field extensions (12F05)

Abstract: Fix a hyperelliptic curve

C / m a t h b b Q

of genus

g

, and consider the number fields

K / m a t h b b Q

generated by the algebraic points of

C

. In this paper, we study the number of such extensions with fixed degree

n

and discriminant bounded by

X

. We show that when

g g e q 1

and

n

is sufficiently large relative to the degree of

C

, with

n

even if the degree of the defining polynomial of

C

is even, there are

g g X^{c_{n}}

such extensions, where

c_{n}

is a positive constant depending on

g

which tends to

1 / 4

as

n o i n f t y

. This result builds on work of Lemke Oliver and Thorne who, in the case where

C

is an elliptic curve, put lower bounds on the number of extensions with fixed degree and bounded discriminant over which the rank of

C

grows with specified root number.

Review text

Let \(C\) be a smooth projective curve defined over \(\mathbb{Q}\) and \(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\) an algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{Q}\). For a positive integer \(n\) and a positive real number \(X\), we define the quantity \(N_{n,C}(X,G)\) to be the number of extensions \(K=\mathbb{Q}(P)\), where \(P\in C(\overline{\mathbb{Q}})\), with degree \([K : \mathbb{Q}] = n\), \(\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{K}/ \mathbb{Q}) \cong G\), and bounded absolute discriminant \(|\mathrm{Disc}(K)| \leq X\). In this paper, the case where \(C\) is a hyperelliptic curve \(g \geq 1\) is studied. Assume that \(C\) is defined by an equation \(y^2=f(x)\), where \(f(x)\) is a polynomial of \(\mathbb{Q}[x]\) with \(\deg f = d\). If \(d = 2g+1\) and \(n \geq d\), then it is proved that \(N_{n,C}(X,S_3) \gg X^{c_n}\), where \[ c_n = \frac{1}{4}- \frac{gn^2-(g^2-2g-3)n-2g^2}{2n^2(n-1)}, \] and when \(n\) is sufficiently large, \[ c_n = \frac{1}{4}- \frac{gn+g^2-2g}{2n(n-1)}. \] Furthermore, if \(d = 2g+2\) and \(n \geq d+2\) is even, then it is proved that \(N_{n,C}(X,S_3)\gg X^{c_n}\), where \[ c_n = \frac{1}{4}-\frac{(1+2g)n^2-(2g^2-2g-8)n-(4g^2+4g)}{4n^2(n-1)}, \] and when \(n\) is sufficiently large, \[ c_n = \frac{1}{4}-\frac{(1+2g)n^2-2g^2+2g+2}{4n(n-1)}. \] These results generalise that of \textit{R. J. Lemke Oliver} and \textit{F. Thorne} and recovers their bound when \(g = 1\) [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2021, No. 24, 18411--18441 (2021; Zbl 1491.11059)].

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