Landscape analysis for shallow neural networks: complete classification of critical points for affine target functions

DOI10.1007/S00332-022-09823-8zbMATH Open1491.68179arXiv2103.10922OpenAlexW4284712609MaRDI QIDQ2156337FDOQ2156337

Patrick Cheridito, Florian Rossmannek, Arnulf Jentzen

Publication date: 18 July 2022

Published in: Journal of Nonlinear Science (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the landscape of the true loss of neural networks with one hidden layer and ReLU, leaky ReLU, or quadratic activation. In all three cases, we provide a complete classification of the critical points in the case where the target function is affine and one-dimensional. In particular, we show that there exist no local maxima and clarify the structure of saddle points. Moreover, we prove that non-global local minima can only be caused by `dead' ReLU neurons. In particular, they do not appear in the case of leaky ReLU or quadratic activation. Our approach is of a combinatorial nature and builds on a careful analysis of the different types of hidden neurons that can occur.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.10922

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zbMATH Keywords

nonconvex optimizationneural networkslandscape analysisshallow networksloss surface

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Artificial neural networks and deep learning (68T07) Nonconvex programming, global optimization (90C26)

Cites Work

• Theoretical Insights Into the Optimization Landscape of Over-Parameterized Shallow Neural Networks
• Gradient Descent Only Converges to Minimizers: Non-Isolated Critical Points and Invariant Regions
• First-order methods almost always avoid strict saddle points
• Topological properties of the set of functions generated by neural networks of fixed size
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• A proof of convergence for gradient descent in the training of artificial neural networks for constant target functions
• Spurious Valleys in Two-layer Neural Network Optimization Landscapes

Cited In (7)

• Non-differentiable saddle points and sub-optimal local minima exist for deep ReLU networks
• Convergence analysis for gradient flows in the training of artificial neural networks with ReLU activation
• Gradient descent provably escapes saddle points in the training of shallow ReLU networks
• On the existence of minimizers in shallow residual ReLU neural network optimization landscapes
• Optimization Landscape of Neural Networks
• Revisiting Landscape Analysis in Deep Neural Networks: Eliminating Decreasing Paths to Infinity
• A proof of convergence for stochastic gradient descent in the training of artificial neural networks with ReLU activation for constant target functions

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