Horizontal Delaunay surfaces with constant mean curvature in S^2 R and H^2 R

DOI10.4310/CJM.2022.V10.N3.A2MaRDI QIDQ2159479zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors José M. Manzano, Francisco Torralbo

Publication date 1 August 2022

Published in Cambridge Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.06882

zbMATH Keywords

conjugate constructionsconstant mean curvature surfacesproduct spaces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10) Differential geometry of homogeneous manifolds (53C30) Differential geometry of immersions (minimal, prescribed curvature, tight, etc.) (53C42)

Abstract: We obtain a $1$-parameter family of horizontal Delaunay surfaces with positive constant mean curvature in $mathbb{S}^{2}imesmathbbR$ and $mathbb{H}^{2}imesmathbbR$, being the mean curvature larger than $frac12$ in the latter case. These surfaces are not equivariant but singly periodic, lie at bounded distance from a horizontal geodesic, and complete the family of horizontal unduloids previously given by the authors. We study in detail the geometry of the whole family and show that horizontal unduloids are properly embedded in $mathbb{H}^{2}imesmathbbR$. We also find (among unduloids) families of embedded constant mean curvature tori in $mathbb{S}^{2}imesmathbbR$ which are continuous deformations from a stack of tangent spheres to a horizontal invariant cylinder. In particular, we find the first non-equivariant examples of embedded tori in $mathbb{S}^{2}imesmathbbR$, which have constant mean curvature $H>frac12$. Finally, we prove that there are no properly immersed surface with constant mean curvature $Hleqfrac12$ at bounded distance from a horizontal geodesic in $mathbb{H}^{2}imesmathbbR$.

Review text

In 1841 Delaunay proved that the only surfaces of revolution with constant mean curvature \(H\) were the plane, the cylinder, the sphere, the catenoid, the unduloid and the nodoid, having the plane and the catenoid \(H=0\). A century and a half later, rotationally invariant \(H\)-surfaces begun to be studied in other contexts, such as that of three-dimensional space forms. In the last decade, some papers about rotationally invariant surfaces in certain types of 3-manifolds, such as homogeneous spaces and product spaces, have been published. In particular, in [\textit{L. Mazet}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 367, No. 8, 5329--5354 (2015; Zbl 1316.53011)] undoloids in \(\mathbb{H}^{2}\times \mathbb{R}\) have been characterized. In the paper under review, the authors study Delaunay surfaces with positive constant mean curvature in \(\mathbb{S}^{2}\times \mathbb{R}\) and \(\mathbb{H}^{2}\times \mathbb{R}\), introducing a 1-parameter family of horizontal nodoids in both \(\mathbb{H}^{2}\times \mathbb{R}\) and \(\mathbb{S}^{2}\times \mathbb{R}\). In fact, one of the main results of the paper states the following: Theorem: Let \(\kappa \in \mathbb{R}\) and let \(\mathbb{M}^{2}(\kappa)\) be the complete simply connected surface of constant curvature \(\kappa\). Let \(\Gamma\) be a horizontal geodesic in \(\mathbb{M}^{2}(\kappa) \times \{ 0\}\). Then there exists a family \(\Sigma _{\lambda ,H}\) (parametrized by \(\lambda \geq 0\) and \(H>0\) such that \(4H^{2}+\kappa >0\)) of complete \(H\)-surfaces in \(\mathbb{M}^{2}(\kappa) \times \mathbb{R}\), invariant under a discrete group of translations along \(\Gamma\) with respect to which they are cylindrically bounded. They are also symmetric about the totally geodesic surfaces \(\mathbb{M}^{2}(\kappa) \times \{ 0\}\) and \(\Gamma \times \mathbb{R}\). Moreover according to the values \(\lambda =0, 0<\lambda <\frac{1}{2}, \lambda =\frac{1}{2}, \lambda > \frac{1}{2}\) one has that \(\Sigma _{\lambda ,H}\) is the \(H\)-cylinder (\(H\)-torus if \(\kappa >0\)), the undoloid-type surface, a stack of tangent rotational \(H\)-spheres centered on \(\Gamma\), or a a nodoid-type surface. The paper is very well written, and includes a motivating introduction.

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