Fano deformation rigidity of rational homogeneous spaces of submaximal Picard numbers

DOI10.1007/S00208-021-02181-YMaRDI QIDQ2163401zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 August 2022

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1812.04173

Fano rigidity rational homogeneous varieties

Fibrations, degenerations in algebraic geometry (14D06) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Fano varieties (14J45) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Hermitian symmetric spaces, bounded symmetric domains, Jordan algebras (complex-analytic aspects) (32M15)

Abstract: We study the question whether rational homogeneous spaces are rigid under Fano deformation. In other words, given any smooth connected family f:X -> Zof Fano manifolds, if one fiber is biholomorphic to a rational homogeneous space S, whether is f an S-fibration? The cases of Picard number one were studied in a series of papers by J.-M. Hwang and N. Mok. For higher Picard number cases, we notice that the Picard number of a rational homogeneous space G/P is less or equal to the rank of G. Recently A. Weber and J. A. Wisniewski proved that rational homogeneous spaces G/P with Picard numbers equal to the rank of G (i.e. complete flag manifolds) are rigid under Fano deformation. In this paper we show that the rational homogeneous space G/P is rigid under Fano deformation, providing that G is a simple algebraic group of type ADE, the Picard number equal to rank(G)-1 and G/P is not biholomorphic to F(1, 2, P^3) or F(1, 2, Q^6). The variety F(1, 2, P^3) is the set of flags of projective lines and planes in P^3, and F(1, 2, Q^6) is the set of flags of projective lines and planes in 6-dimensional smooth quadric hypersurface. We show that F(1, 2, P^3) have a unique Fano degeneration, which is explicitly constructed. The structure of possible Fano degeneration of F(1, 2, Q^6) is also described explicitly. To prove our rigidity result, we firstly show that the Fano deformation rigidity of a homogeneous space of type ADE can be implied by that property of suitable homogeneous submanifolds. Then we complete the proof via the study of Fano deformation rigidity of rational homogeneous spaces of small Picard numbers. As a byproduct, we also show the Fano deformation rigidity of other manifolds such as F(0, 1, ..., k_1, k_2, k_2+1, ..., n-1, P^n) and F(0, 1, ..., k_1, k_2, k_2+1, ..., n, Q^{2n+2}) with 0 <= k_1 < k_2 <= n-1.

Review text

A complex Fano manifold \(M\) is \textit{rigid under Fano deformation} (Fano rigid from now on) if any smooth connected family \(\pi: \chi \to Z\) of Fano manifolds, \(M=\pi^{-1}(z)\) is in fact an \(M\)-fibration; when non rigid, a fiber not biholomorphic to \(M\) is said a Fano degeneration of \(M\). When \(M=G/P\) (\(G\) semisimple algebraic group, \(P\subset G\) parabolic) is a rational homogeneous variety, several results on its Fano rigidity are known (see the Introduction of the paper under review and references therein): for Picard number one, the only non rigid rational homogeneous variety is that of lines in a \(5\)-dimensional quadric; for maximal Picard number (equal to the rank of \(G\)) no non-rigid rational homogeneous varieties exist. The paper under review deals with the question of the rigidity of rational homogeneous varietys in the next to extremal case (Picard number equal to rank of \(G\) minus one). The author proves (see Theorem 1.1) that for simple groups of type \(ADE\), all rational homogeneous varieties \(G/P\) whose Picard number is the rank of \(G\) minus one are rigid with two exceptions: the Flag of lines and planes in the \(3\)-dimensional projective space, and that of lines and planes in a \(6\)-dimensional quadric. Fano degenerations of these two exceptions are described.

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