Cellular automata that generate symmetrical patterns give singular functions

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSD.2022.133428zbMATH Open1503.37029arXiv2203.05236OpenAlexW4221142981WikidataQ113866765 ScholiaQ113866765MaRDI QIDQ2167992FDOQ2167992

Authors: Akane Kawaharada 

Publication date: 1 September 2022

Published in: Physica D (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper, we mainly study linear one-dimensional and two-dimensional elementary cellular automata that generate symmetrical spatio-temporal patterns. For spatio-temporal patterns of cellular automata from the single site seed, we normalize the number of nonzero states of the patterns, take the limits, and give one-variable functions for the limit sets. We can obtain a one-variable function for each limit set and show that the resulting functions are singular functions, which are non-constant, are continuous everywhere, and have a zero derivative almost everywhere. We show that for Rule 90, a one-dimensional elementary cellular automaton (CA), and a two-dimensional elementary CA, the resulting functions are Salem's singular functions. We also discuss two nonlinear elementary CAs, Rule 22, and Rule 126. Although their spatio-temporal patterns are different from that of Rule 90, their resulting functions from the number of nonzero states equal the function of Rule 90.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.05236

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zbMATH Keywords

cellular automatonfractalsingular function

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dynamical aspects of cellular automata (37B15) Cellular automata (computational aspects) (68Q80)

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Cited In (4)

• Discontinuous Riemann integrable functions emerging from cellular automata
• Why it is sufficient to consider only the case where the seed of linear cellular automata is 1
• Singular function emerging from one-dimensional elementary cellular automaton rule 150
• Number of nonzero states in prefractal sets generated by cellular automata

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