Quasi-Stirling polynomials on multisets

DOI10.1016/J.AAM.2022.102415zbMATH Open1498.11075arXiv2106.04347OpenAlexW3167384204MaRDI QIDQ2168570FDOQ2168570

Xue Zhu, Sherry H. F. Yan

Publication date: 31 August 2022

Published in: Advances in Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A permutation $pi$ of a multiset is said to be a {em quasi-Stirling} permutation if there does not exist four indices $i<j<k<ell$ such that $p{i}_i=p{i}_k$ and $p{i}_j=p{i}_{ell}$. For a multiset $mathcalM$, denote by $overline{mathcalQ}_{mathcalM}$ the set of quasi-Stirling permutations of $mathcalM$. The {em qusi-Stirling polynomial} on the multiset $mathcalM$ is defined by $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)=su{m}_{piinoverline{mathcalQ}_{mathcalM}}{t}^{des(pi)}$, where $des(pi)$ denotes the number of descents of $pi$. By employing generating function arguments, Elizalde derived an elegant identity involving quasi-Stirling polynomials on the multiset $1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$, in analogy to the identity on Stirling polynomials. In this paper, we derive an identity involving quasi-Stirling polynomials $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ for any multiset $mathcalM$, which is a generalization of the identity on Eulerian polynomial and Elizalde's identity on quasi-Stirling polynomials on the multiset $1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$. We provide a combinatorial proof the identity in terms of certain ordered labeled trees. Specializing $mathcalM=1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$ implies a combinatorial proof of Elizalde's identity in answer to the problem posed by Elizalde. As an application, our identity enables us to show that the quasi-Stirling polynomial $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ has only real roots and the coefficients of $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ are unimodal and log-concave for any multiset $mathcalM$, in analogy to Brenti's result for Stirling polynomials on multisets.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04347

Recommendations

• Rooted quasi-Stirling permutations of general multisets
• Statistics on quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
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zbMATH Keywords

real rootquasi-Stirling permutationordered labeled treequasi-Stirling polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Trees (05C05) Bell and Stirling numbers (11B73)

Cites Work

• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Stirling polynomials
• Unimodal, log-concave and Pólya frequency sequences in combinatorics
• Real Zeros and Normal Distribution for Statistics on Stirling Permutations Defined by Gessel and Stanley
• Théorie géométrique des polynômes eulériens
• Hilbert polynomials in combinatorics
• Jacobi-Stirling polynomials and \(P\)-partitions
• Legendre-Stirling permutations
• Stirling permutations on multisets
• Pattern restricted quasi-Stirling permutations
• Descents on quasi-Stirling permutations

Cited In (6)

• The Haglund-Remmel-Wilson identity for \(k\)-Stirling permutations
• Rooted quasi-Stirling permutations of general multisets
• Partial \(\gamma \)-positivity for quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
• \((M,i)\)-multiset Eulerian polynomials
• Stirling permutations on multisets
• The Gessel correspondence and the partial \(\gamma \)-positivity of the Eulerian polynomials on multiset Stirling permutations

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