Quasi-Stirling polynomials on multisets

DOI10.1016/J.AAM.2022.102415MaRDI QIDQ2168570zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sherry H. F. Yan, Xue Zhu

Publication date 31 August 2022

Published in Advances in Applied Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.04347

zbMATH Keywords

real rootquasi-Stirling permutationordered labeled treequasi-Stirling polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Permutations, words, matrices (05A05) Trees (05C05) Bell and Stirling numbers (11B73)

Abstract: A permutation $pi$ of a multiset is said to be a {em quasi-Stirling} permutation if there does not exist four indices $i<j<k<ell$ such that $p{i}_i=p{i}_k$ and $p{i}_j=p{i}_{ell}$. For a multiset $mathcalM$, denote by $overline{mathcalQ}_{mathcalM}$ the set of quasi-Stirling permutations of $mathcalM$. The {em qusi-Stirling polynomial} on the multiset $mathcalM$ is defined by $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)=su{m}_{piinoverline{mathcalQ}_{mathcalM}}{t}^{des(pi)}$, where $des(pi)$ denotes the number of descents of $pi$. By employing generating function arguments, Elizalde derived an elegant identity involving quasi-Stirling polynomials on the multiset $1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$, in analogy to the identity on Stirling polynomials. In this paper, we derive an identity involving quasi-Stirling polynomials $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ for any multiset $mathcalM$, which is a generalization of the identity on Eulerian polynomial and Elizalde's identity on quasi-Stirling polynomials on the multiset $1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$. We provide a combinatorial proof the identity in terms of certain ordered labeled trees. Specializing $mathcalM=1^2,2^2,ldots,n^2$ implies a combinatorial proof of Elizalde's identity in answer to the problem posed by Elizalde. As an application, our identity enables us to show that the quasi-Stirling polynomial $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ has only real roots and the coefficients of $overline{Q}_{mathcalM}(t)$ are unimodal and log-concave for any multiset $mathcalM$, in analogy to Brenti's result for Stirling polynomials on multisets.

Recommendations

• Rooted quasi-Stirling permutations of general multisets
• Statistics on quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
• Partial \(\gamma \)-positivity for quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
• P-partitions and q-Stirling numbers
• Descents on quasi-Stirling permutations

Cites work

• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1268810 (Why is no real title available?)
• Descents on quasi-Stirling permutations
• Hilbert polynomials in combinatorics
• Jacobi-Stirling polynomials and \(P\)-partitions
• Legendre-Stirling permutations
• Pattern restricted quasi-Stirling permutations
• Real zeros and normal distribution for statistics on Stirling permutations defined by Gessel and Stanley
• Stirling permutations on multisets
• Stirling polynomials
• Théorie géométrique des polynômes eulériens
• Unimodal, log-concave and Pólya frequency sequences in combinatorics

Cited in

(10)

• The Haglund-Remmel-Wilson identity for \(k\)-Stirling permutations
• Descents on nonnesting multipermutations
• Rooted quasi-Stirling permutations of general multisets
• Descents on quasi-Stirling permutations
• Partial \(\gamma \)-positivity for quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
• Statistics on quasi-Stirling permutations of multisets
• \((M,i)\)-multiset Eulerian polynomials
• Pattern restricted quasi-Stirling permutations
• Stirling permutations on multisets
• The Gessel correspondence and the partial \(\gamma \)-positivity of the Eulerian polynomials on multiset Stirling permutations

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