Near equilibrium fluctuations for supermarket models with growing choices

, under natural conditions on the initial queues, the state occupancy process converges in probability, in a suitable path space, to the unique solution of an infinite system of constrained ordinary differential equations parametrized by

l a m b d a

. Our main interest is in the study of fluctuations of the state process about its near equilibrium state in the critical regime, namely when

l a m b d a_{n} o 1

. Previous papers have considered the regime

f r a c d_{n} s q r t n l o g n o i n f t y

while the objective of the current work is to develop diffusion approximations for the state occupancy process that allow for all possible rates of growth of

d_{n}

. In particular we consider the three canonical regimes (a)

d_{n} / s q r t n o 0

; (b)

d_{n} / s q r t n o c i n (0, i n f t y)

and, (c)

d_{n} / s q r t n o i n f t y

. In all three regimes we show, by establishing suitable functional limit theorems, that (under conditions on

l a m b d a_{n}

) fluctuations of the state process about its near equilibrium are of order

n^{- 1 / 2}

and are governed asymptotically by a one dimensional Brownian motion. The forms of the limit processes in the three regimes are quite different; in the first case we get a linear diffusion; in the second case we get a diffusion with an exponential drift; and in the third case we obtain a reflected diffusion in a half space. In the special case

d_{n} / (s q r t n l o g n) o i n f t y

our work gives alternative proofs for the universality results established by Mukherjee et al in 2018.

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